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176 lines
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176 lines
7.5 KiB
Markdown
# Notes On Compiling SQLite On Windows 11
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Here are step-by-step instructions on how to build SQLite from
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canonical source on a new Windows 11 PC, as of 2024-10-09:
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1. Install Microsoft Visual Studio. The free "community edition"
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will work fine. Do a standard install for C++ development.
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SQLite only needs the
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"cl" compiler and the "nmake" build tool.
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2. Under the "Start" menu, find "All Apps" then go to "Visual Studio 20XX"
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and find "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 20XX". Pin that
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application to your task bar, as you will use it a lot. Bring up
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an instance of this command prompt and do all of the subsequent steps
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in that "x64 Native Tools" command prompt. (Or use "x86" if you want
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a 32-bit build.) The subsequent steps will not work in a vanilla
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DOS prompt. Nor will they work in PowerShell.
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3. *(Optional):* Install TCL development libraries.
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This note assumes that you will
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install the TCL development libraries in the "`c:\Tcl`" directory.
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Make adjustments
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if you want TCL installed somewhere else. SQLite needs both the
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"tclsh90.exe" command-line tool as part of the build process, and
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the "tcl90.lib" and "tclstub.lib" libraries in order to run tests.
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This document assumes you are working with TCL version 9.0.
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See versions of this document from prior to 2024-10-10 for
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instructions on how to build using TCL version 8.6.
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<ol type="a">
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<li>Get the TCL source archive, perhaps from
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<https://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/download.html>
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or <https://sqlite.org/tmp/tcl9.0.0.tar.gz>.
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<li>Untar or unzip the source archive. CD into the "win/" subfolder
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of the source tree.
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<li>Run: `nmake /f makefile.vc release`
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<li>Run: `nmake /f makefile.vc INSTALLDIR=c:\Tcl install`
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<li><i>Optional:</i> CD to `c:\Tcl\bin` and make a copy of
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`tclsh90.exe` over into just `tclsh.exe`.
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<li><i>Optional:</i>
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Add `c:\Tcl\bin` to your %PATH%. To do this, go to Settings
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and search for "path". Select "edit environment variables for
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your account" and modify your default PATH accordingly.
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You will need to close and reopen your command prompts after
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making this change.
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</ol>
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As of 2024-10-25, TCL is not longer required for many
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common build targets, such as "sqlite3.c" or the "sqlite3.exe"
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command-line tool. So you can skip this step if that is all
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you want to build. TCL is still required to run "make test"
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and similar, or to build the TCL extension, of course.
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4. Download the SQLite source tree and unpack it. CD into the
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toplevel directory of the source tree.
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5. Run the "`Makefile.msc`" makefile with an appropriate target.
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Examples:
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<ul>
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc`
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc sqlite3.c`
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc sqlite3.exe`
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc sqldiff.exe`
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc sqlite3_rsync.exe`
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</ul>
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<p>No TCL is required for the nmake targets above. But for the ones
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that follow, you will need a TCL installation, as described in step 3
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above. If you install TCL in some directory other than C:\\Tcl, then
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you will also need to add the "TCLDIR=<i><dir></i>" option on the
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nmake command line to tell nmake where your TCL is installed.
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<ul>
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc tclextension-install`
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc devtest`
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc releasetest`
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc sqlite3_analyzer.exe`
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</ul>
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It is not required that you run the "tclextension-install" target prior to
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running tests. However, the tests will run more smoothly if you do.
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The version of SQLite used for the TCL extension does *not* need to
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correspond to the version of SQLite under test. So you can install the
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SQLite TCL extension once, and then use it to test many different versions
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of SQLite.
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7. For a debugging build of the CLI, where the ".treetrace" and ".wheretrace"
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commands work, add the DEBUG=3 argument to nmake. Like this:
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<ul>
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<li> `nmake /f makefile.msc DEBUG=3 clean sqlite3.exe`
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</ul>
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## 32-bit Builds
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Doing a 32-bit build is just like doing a 64-bit build with the
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following minor changes:
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1. Use the "x86 Native Tools Command Prompt" instead of
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"x64 Native Tools Command Prompt". "**x86**" instead of "**x64**".
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2. Use a different installation directory for TCL.
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The recommended directory is `c:\tcl32`. Thus you end up
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with two TCL builds:
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<ul>
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<li> `c:\tcl` ← 64-bit (the default)
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<li> `c:\tcl32` ← 32-bit
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</ul>
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3. Ensure that `c:\tcl32\bin` comes before `c:\tcl\bin` on
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your PATH environment variable. You can achieve this using
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a command like:
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<ul>
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<li> `set PATH=c:\tcl32\bin;%PATH%`
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</ul>
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## Building a DLL
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The command the developers use for building the deliverable DLL on the
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[download page](https://sqlite.org/download.html) is as follows:
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> ~~~~
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nmake /f Makefile.msc sqlite3.dll USE_NATIVE_LIBPATHS=1 "OPTS=-DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_GEOPOLY=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_SERIALIZE=1 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS=1"
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~~~~
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That command generates both the sqlite3.dll and sqlite3.def files. The same
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command works for both 32-bit and 64-bit builds.
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## Statically Linking The TCL Library
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Some utility programs associated with SQLite need to be linked
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with TCL in order to function. The [sqlite3_analyzer.exe program](https://sqlite.org/sqlanalyze.html)
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is an example. You can build as described above, and then
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enter:
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> ~~~~
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nmake /f Makefile.msc sqlite3_analyzer.exe
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~~~~
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And you will end up with a working executable. However, that executable
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will depend on having the "tcl98.dll" library somewhere on your %PATH%.
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Use the following steps to build an executable that has the TCL library
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statically linked so that it does not depend on separate DLL:
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1. Use the appropriate "Command Prompt" window - either x86 or
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x64, depending on whether you want a 32-bit or 64-bit executable.
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2. Untar the TCL source tarball into a fresh directory. CD into
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the "win/" subfolder.
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3. Run: `nmake /f makefile.vc OPTS=static shell`
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4. CD into the "Release*" subfolder that is created (note the
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wildcard - the full name of the directory might vary). There
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you will find the "tcl90s.lib" file. Copy this file into the
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same directory that you put the "tcl90.lib" on your initial
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installation. (In this document, that directory is
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"`C:\Tcl32\lib`" for 32-bit builds and
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"`C:\Tcl\lib`" for 64-bit builds.)
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5. CD into your SQLite source code directory and build the desired
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utility program, but add the following extra argument to the
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nmake command line:
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<blockquote><pre>
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STATICALLY_LINK_TCL=1
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</pre></blockquote>
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<p>So, for example, to build a statically linked version of
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sqlite3_analyzer.exe, you might type:
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<blockquote><pre>
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nmake /f Makefile.msc STATICALLY_LINK_TCL=1 sqlite3_analyzer.exe
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</pre></blockquote>
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6. After your executable is built, you can verify that it does not
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depend on the TCL DLL by running:
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<blockquote><pre>
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dumpbin /dependents sqlite3_analyzer.exe
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</pre></blockquote>
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