nodejs/doc/api/readline.markdown

Readline

Stability: 2 - Stable

To use this module, do require('readline'). Readline allows reading of a stream (such as process.stdin) on a line-by-line basis.

Note that once you've invoked this module, your Node.js program will not terminate until you've closed the interface. Here's how to allow your program to gracefully exit:

const readline = require('readline');

const rl = readline.createInterface({
  input: process.stdin,
  output: process.stdout
});

rl.question('What do you think of Node.js? ', (answer) => {
  // TODO: Log the answer in a database
  console.log('Thank you for your valuable feedback:', answer);

  rl.close();
});

Class: Interface

The class that represents a readline interface with an input and output stream.

rl.close()

Closes the Interface instance, relinquishing control on the input and output streams. The 'close' event will also be emitted.

rl.pause()

Pauses the readline input stream, allowing it to be resumed later if needed.

Note that this doesn't immediately pause the stream of events. Several events may be emitted after calling pause, including line.

rl.prompt([preserveCursor])

Readies readline for input from the user, putting the current setPrompt options on a new line, giving the user a new spot to write. Set preserveCursor to true to prevent the cursor placement being reset to 0.

This will also resume the input stream used with createInterface if it has been paused.

If output is set to null or undefined when calling createInterface, the prompt is not written.

rl.question(query, callback)

Prepends the prompt with query and invokes callback with the user's response. Displays the query to the user, and then invokes callback with the user's response after it has been typed.

This will also resume the input stream used with createInterface if it has been paused.

If output is set to null or undefined when calling createInterface, nothing is displayed.

Example usage:

rl.question('What is your favorite food?', (answer) => {
  console.log(`Oh, so your favorite food is ${answer}`);
});

rl.resume()

Resumes the readline input stream.

rl.setPrompt(prompt)

Sets the prompt, for example when you run node on the command line, you see > , which is Node.js's prompt.

rl.write(data[, key])

Writes data to output stream, unless output is set to null or undefined when calling createInterface. key is an object literal to represent a key sequence; available if the terminal is a TTY.

This will also resume the input stream if it has been paused.

Example:

rl.write('Delete me!');
// Simulate ctrl+u to delete the line written previously
rl.write(null, {ctrl: true, name: 'u'});

Events

Event: 'close'

function () {}

Emitted when close() is called.

Also emitted when the input stream receives its 'end' event. The Interface instance should be considered "finished" once this is emitted. For example, when the input stream receives ^D, respectively known as EOT.

This event is also called if there is no SIGINT event listener present when the input stream receives a ^C, respectively known as SIGINT.

Event: 'line'

function (line) {}

Emitted whenever the input stream receives an end of line (\n, \r, or \r\n), usually received when the user hits enter, or return. This is a good hook to listen for user input.

Example of listening for 'line':

rl.on('line', (cmd) => {
  console.log(`You just typed: ${cmd}`);
});

Event: 'pause'

function () {}

Emitted whenever the input stream is paused.

Also emitted whenever the input stream is not paused and receives the SIGCONT event. (See events SIGTSTP and SIGCONT)

Example of listening for 'pause':

rl.on('pause', () => {
  console.log('Readline paused.');
});

Event: 'resume'

function () {}

Emitted whenever the input stream is resumed.

Example of listening for 'resume':

rl.on('resume', () => {
  console.log('Readline resumed.');
});

Event: 'SIGCONT'

function () {}

This does not work on Windows.

Emitted whenever the input stream is sent to the background with ^Z, respectively known as SIGTSTP, and then continued with fg(1). This event only emits if the stream was not paused before sending the program to the background.

Example of listening for SIGCONT:

rl.on('SIGCONT', () => {
  // `prompt` will automatically resume the stream
  rl.prompt();
});

Event: 'SIGINT'

function () {}

Emitted whenever the input stream receives a ^C, respectively known as SIGINT. If there is no SIGINT event listener present when the input stream receives a SIGINT, pause will be triggered.

Example of listening for SIGINT:

rl.on('SIGINT', () => {
  rl.question('Are you sure you want to exit?', (answer) => {
    if (answer.match(/^y(es)?$/i)) rl.pause();
  });
});

Event: 'SIGTSTP'

function () {}

This does not work on Windows.

Emitted whenever the input stream receives a ^Z, respectively known as SIGTSTP. If there is no SIGTSTP event listener present when the input stream receives a SIGTSTP, the program will be sent to the background.

When the program is resumed with fg, the 'pause' and SIGCONT events will be emitted. You can use either to resume the stream.

The 'pause' and SIGCONT events will not be triggered if the stream was paused before the program was sent to the background.

Example of listening for SIGTSTP:

rl.on('SIGTSTP', () => {
  // This will override SIGTSTP and prevent the program from going to the
  // background.
  console.log('Caught SIGTSTP.');
});

Example: Tiny CLI

Here's an example of how to use all these together to craft a tiny command line interface:

const readline = require('readline');
const rl = readline.createInterface(process.stdin, process.stdout);

rl.setPrompt('OHAI> ');
rl.prompt();

rl.on('line', (line) => {
  switch(line.trim()) {
    case 'hello':
      console.log('world!');
      break;
    default:
      console.log('Say what? I might have heard `' + line.trim() + '`');
      break;
  }
  rl.prompt();
}).on('close', () => {
  console.log('Have a great day!');
  process.exit(0);
});

Example: Read File Stream Line-by-Line

A common case for readline's input option is to pass a filesystem readable stream to it. This is how one could craft line-by-line parsing of a file:

const readline = require('readline');
const fs = require('fs');

const rl = readline.createInterface({
  input: fs.createReadStream('sample.txt')
});

rl.on('line', (line) => {
  console.log('Line from file:', line);
});

readline.clearLine(stream, dir)

Clears current line of given TTY stream in a specified direction. dir should have one of following values:

• -1 - to the left from cursor
• 1 - to the right from cursor
• 0 - the entire line

readline.clearScreenDown(stream)

Clears the screen from the current position of the cursor down.

readline.createInterface(options)

Creates a readline Interface instance. Accepts an options Object that takes the following values:

• input - the readable stream to listen to (Required).

• output - the writable stream to write readline data to (Optional).

• completer - an optional function that is used for Tab autocompletion. See below for an example of using this.

• terminal - pass true if the input and output streams should be treated like a TTY, and have ANSI/VT100 escape codes written to it. Defaults to checking isTTY on the output stream upon instantiation.

• historySize - maximum number of history lines retained. Defaults to 30.

The completer function is given the current line entered by the user, and is supposed to return an Array with 2 entries:

1. An Array with matching entries for the completion.

2. The substring that was used for the matching.

Which ends up looking something like: [[substr1, substr2, ...], originalsubstring].

Example:

function completer(line) {
  var completions = '.help .error .exit .quit .q'.split(' ')
  var hits = completions.filter((c) => { return c.indexOf(line) == 0 })
  // show all completions if none found
  return [hits.length ? hits : completions, line]
}

Also completer can be run in async mode if it accepts two arguments:

function completer(linePartial, callback) {
  callback(null, [['123'], linePartial]);
}

createInterface is commonly used with process.stdin and process.stdout in order to accept user input:

const readline = require('readline');
const rl = readline.createInterface({
  input: process.stdin,
  output: process.stdout
});

Once you have a readline instance, you most commonly listen for the 'line' event.

If terminal is true for this instance then the output stream will get the best compatibility if it defines an output.columns property, and fires a 'resize' event on the output if/when the columns ever change (process.stdout does this automatically when it is a TTY).

readline.cursorTo(stream, x, y)

Move cursor to the specified position in a given TTY stream.

readline.emitKeypressEvents(stream)

Causes stream to begin emitting 'keypress' events corresponding to its input.

readline.moveCursor(stream, dx, dy)

Move cursor relative to it's current position in a given TTY stream.