mirror of
https://github.com/python/cpython.git
synced 2024-12-01 11:15:56 +01:00
ed03b4121e
Merged revisions 57392-57619 via svnmerge from
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk
........
r57395 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 19:23:23 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Bug #1011: fix rfc822.Message.getheader docs.
........
r57397 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 19:38:49 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Patch #1006: port test_winreg to unittest.
........
r57398 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 19:46:54 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Fix #1012: wrong URL to :mod:`site` in install/index.rst.
........
r57399 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 20:07:52 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Patch #1008: port test_signal to unittest.
........
r57400 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 20:22:54 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Port test_frozen to unittest.
........
r57401 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 20:27:43 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Document new utility functions in test_support.
........
r57402 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 20:30:06 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Remove test_rgbimg output file, there is no test_rgbimg.py.
........
r57403 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 20:35:27 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Remove output file for test_ossaudiodev, also properly close the dsp object.
........
r57404 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 20:46:27 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Convert test_linuxaudiodev to unittest. Fix a wrong finally clause in test_ossaudiodev.
........
r57406 | collin.winter | 2007-08-24 21:13:58 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Convert test_pkg to use unittest.
........
r57408 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 21:22:34 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Catch the correct errors.
........
r57409 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-24 21:33:53 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Port test_class to unittest. Patch #1671298.
........
r57415 | collin.winter | 2007-08-24 23:09:42 +0200 (Fri, 24 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Make test_structmembers pass when run with regrtests's -R flag.
........
r57455 | nick.coghlan | 2007-08-25 06:32:07 +0200 (Sat, 25 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Revert misguided attempt at fixing incompatibility between -m and -i switches (better fix coming soon)
........
r57456 | nick.coghlan | 2007-08-25 06:35:54 +0200 (Sat, 25 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Revert compile.c changes that shouldn't have been included in previous checkin
........
r57461 | nick.coghlan | 2007-08-25 12:50:41 +0200 (Sat, 25 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Fix bug 1764407 - the -i switch now does the right thing when using the -m switch
........
r57464 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-08-25 17:08:43 +0200 (Sat, 25 Aug 2007) | 4 lines
Server-side SSL and certificate validation, by Bill Janssen.
While cleaning up Bill's C style, I may have cleaned up some code
he didn't touch as well (in _ssl.c).
........
r57465 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-25 18:41:36 +0200 (Sat, 25 Aug 2007) | 3 lines
Try to get this to build with Visual Studio by moving all the variable
declarations to the beginning of a scope.
........
r57466 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-25 18:54:38 +0200 (Sat, 25 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Fix test so it is skipped properly if there is no SSL support.
........
r57467 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-25 18:58:09 +0200 (Sat, 25 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Fix a few more variables to try to get this to compile with Visual Studio.
........
r57473 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-25 19:25:17 +0200 (Sat, 25 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Try to get this test to pass for systems that do not have SO_REUSEPORT
........
r57482 | gregory.p.smith | 2007-08-26 02:26:00 +0200 (Sun, 26 Aug 2007) | 7 lines
keep setup.py from listing unneeded hash modules (_md5, _sha*) as
missing when they were not built because _hashlib with openssl provided
their functionality instead.
don't build bsddb185 if bsddb was built.
........
r57483 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-26 03:08:16 +0200 (Sun, 26 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Fix typo in docstring (missing c in reacquire)
........
r57484 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-26 03:42:03 +0200 (Sun, 26 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Spell check (also americanify behaviour, it's almost 3 times as common)
........
r57503 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-26 08:29:57 +0200 (Sun, 26 Aug 2007) | 4 lines
Reap children before the test starts so hopefully SocketServer
won't find any old children left around which causes an exception
in collect_children() and the test to fail.
........
r57510 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-26 20:50:39 +0200 (Sun, 26 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Fail gracefully if the cert files cannot be created
........
r57513 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-08-26 21:35:09 +0200 (Sun, 26 Aug 2007) | 4 lines
Bill Janssen wrote:
Here's a patch which makes test_ssl a better player in the buildbots
environment. I deep-ended on "try-except-else" clauses.
........
r57518 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-26 23:40:16 +0200 (Sun, 26 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Get the test passing by commenting out some writes (should they be removed?)
........
r57522 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-27 00:16:23 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 3 lines
Catch IOError for when the device file doesn't exist or the user doesn't have
permission to write to the device.
........
r57524 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-27 00:20:03 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 5 lines
Another patch from Bill Janssen that:
1) Fixes the bug that two class names are initial-lower-case.
2) Replaces the poll waiting for the server to become ready with
a threading.Event signal.
........
r57536 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-27 02:58:33 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Stop using string.join (from the module) to ease upgrade to py3k
........
r57537 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-27 03:03:18 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 1 line
Make a utility function for handling (printing) an error
........
r57538 | neal.norwitz | 2007-08-27 03:15:33 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 4 lines
If we can't create a certificate, print a warning, but don't fail the test.
Modified patch from what Bill Janssen sent on python-3000.
........
r57539 | facundo.batista | 2007-08-27 03:15:34 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 7 lines
Ignore test failures caused by 'resource temporarily unavailable'
exceptions raised in the test server thread, since SimpleXMLRPCServer
does not gracefully handle them. Changed number of requests handled
by tests server thread to one (was 2) because no tests require more
than one request. [GSoC - Alan McIntyre]
........
r57561 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-08-27 19:19:42 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 8 lines
> Regardless, building a fixed test certificate and checking it in sounds like
> the better option. Then the openssl command in the test code can be turned
> into a comment describing how the test data was pregenerated.
Here's a patch that does that.
Bill
........
r57568 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-08-27 20:42:23 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 26 lines
> Some of the code sets the error string in this directly before
> returning NULL, and other pieces of the code call PySSL_SetError,
> which creates the error string. I think some of the places which set
> the string directly probably shouldn't; instead, they should call
> PySSL_SetError to cons up the error name directly from the err code.
> However, PySSL_SetError only works after the construction of an ssl
> object, which means it can't be used there... I'll take a longer look
> at it and see if there's a reasonable fix.
Here's a patch which addresses this. It also fixes the indentation in
PySSL_SetError, bringing it into line with PEP 7, fixes a compile warning
about one of the OpenSSL macros, and makes the namespace a bit more
consistent. I've tested it on FC 7 and OS X 10.4.
% ./python ./Lib/test/regrtest.py -R :1: -u all test_ssl
test_ssl
beginning 6 repetitions
123456
......
1 test OK.
[29244 refs]
%
[GvR: slightly edited to enforce 79-char line length, even if it required
violating the style guide.]
........
r57570 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-08-27 21:11:11 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Patch 10124 by Bill Janssen, docs for the new ssl code.
........
r57574 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-08-27 22:51:00 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 3 lines
Patch # 1739906 by Christian Heimes -- add reduce to functools (importing
it from __builtin__).
........
r57575 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-08-27 22:52:10 +0200 (Mon, 27 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
News about functools.reduce.
........
r57611 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-28 10:29:08 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Document rev. 57574.
........
r57612 | sean.reifschneider | 2007-08-28 11:07:54 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Adding basic imputil documentation.
........
r57614 | georg.brandl | 2007-08-28 12:48:18 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 2 lines
Fix some glitches.
........
r57616 | lars.gustaebel | 2007-08-28 14:31:09 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 5 lines
TarFile.__init__() no longer fails if no name argument is passed and
the fileobj argument has no usable name attribute (e.g. StringIO).
(will backport to 2.5)
........
r57619 | thomas.wouters | 2007-08-28 17:28:19 +0200 (Tue, 28 Aug 2007) | 22 lines
Improve extended slicing support in builtin types and classes. Specifically:
- Specialcase extended slices that amount to a shallow copy the same way as
is done for simple slices, in the tuple, string and unicode case.
- Specialcase step-1 extended slices to optimize the common case for all
involved types.
- For lists, allow extended slice assignment of differing lengths as long
as the step is 1. (Previously, 'l[:2:1] = []' failed even though
'l[:2] = []' and 'l[:2:None] = []' do not.)
- Implement extended slicing for buffer, array, structseq, mmap and
UserString.UserString.
- Implement slice-object support (but not non-step-1 slice assignment) for
UserString.MutableString.
- Add tests for all new functionality.
........
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ReStructuredText
.. highlightlang:: none
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.. _install-index:
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*****************************
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Installing Python Modules
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*****************************
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:Author: Greg Ward
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:Release: |version|
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:Date: |today|
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.. % TODO:
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.. % Fill in XXX comments
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.. % The audience for this document includes people who don't know anything
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.. % about Python and aren't about to learn the language just in order to
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.. % install and maintain it for their users, i.e. system administrators.
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.. % Thus, I have to be sure to explain the basics at some point:
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.. % sys.path and PYTHONPATH at least. Should probably give pointers to
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.. % other docs on "import site", PYTHONSTARTUP, PYTHONHOME, etc.
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.. %
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.. % Finally, it might be useful to include all the material from my "Care
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.. % and Feeding of a Python Installation" talk in here somewhere. Yow!
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.. topic:: Abstract
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This document describes the Python Distribution Utilities ("Distutils") from the
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end-user's point-of-view, describing how to extend the capabilities of a
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standard Python installation by building and installing third-party Python
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modules and extensions.
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.. _inst-intro:
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Introduction
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============
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Although Python's extensive standard library covers many programming needs,
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there often comes a time when you need to add some new functionality to your
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Python installation in the form of third-party modules. This might be necessary
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to support your own programming, or to support an application that you want to
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use and that happens to be written in Python.
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In the past, there has been little support for adding third-party modules to an
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existing Python installation. With the introduction of the Python Distribution
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Utilities (Distutils for short) in Python 2.0, this changed.
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This document is aimed primarily at the people who need to install third-party
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Python modules: end-users and system administrators who just need to get some
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Python application running, and existing Python programmers who want to add some
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new goodies to their toolbox. You don't need to know Python to read this
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document; there will be some brief forays into using Python's interactive mode
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to explore your installation, but that's it. If you're looking for information
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on how to distribute your own Python modules so that others may use them, see
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the :ref:`distutils-index` manual.
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.. _inst-trivial-install:
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Best case: trivial installation
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-------------------------------
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In the best case, someone will have prepared a special version of the module
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distribution you want to install that is targeted specifically at your platform
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and is installed just like any other software on your platform. For example,
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the module developer might make an executable installer available for Windows
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users, an RPM package for users of RPM-based Linux systems (Red Hat, SuSE,
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Mandrake, and many others), a Debian package for users of Debian-based Linux
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systems, and so forth.
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In that case, you would download the installer appropriate to your platform and
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do the obvious thing with it: run it if it's an executable installer, ``rpm
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--install`` it if it's an RPM, etc. You don't need to run Python or a setup
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script, you don't need to compile anything---you might not even need to read any
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instructions (although it's always a good idea to do so anyways).
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Of course, things will not always be that easy. You might be interested in a
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module distribution that doesn't have an easy-to-use installer for your
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platform. In that case, you'll have to start with the source distribution
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released by the module's author/maintainer. Installing from a source
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distribution is not too hard, as long as the modules are packaged in the
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standard way. The bulk of this document is about building and installing
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modules from standard source distributions.
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.. _inst-new-standard:
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The new standard: Distutils
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---------------------------
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If you download a module source distribution, you can tell pretty quickly if it
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was packaged and distributed in the standard way, i.e. using the Distutils.
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First, the distribution's name and version number will be featured prominently
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in the name of the downloaded archive, e.g. :file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz` or
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:file:`widget-0.9.7.zip`. Next, the archive will unpack into a similarly-named
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directory: :file:`foo-1.0` or :file:`widget-0.9.7`. Additionally, the
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distribution will contain a setup script :file:`setup.py`, and a file named
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:file:`README.txt` or possibly just :file:`README`, which should explain that
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building and installing the module distribution is a simple matter of running ::
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python setup.py install
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If all these things are true, then you already know how to build and install the
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modules you've just downloaded: Run the command above. Unless you need to
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install things in a non-standard way or customize the build process, you don't
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really need this manual. Or rather, the above command is everything you need to
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get out of this manual.
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.. _inst-standard-install:
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Standard Build and Install
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==========================
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As described in section :ref:`inst-new-standard`, building and installing a module
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distribution using the Distutils is usually one simple command::
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python setup.py install
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On Unix, you'd run this command from a shell prompt; on Windows, you have to
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open a command prompt window ("DOS box") and do it there; on Mac OS X, you open
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a :command:`Terminal` window to get a shell prompt.
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.. _inst-platform-variations:
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Platform variations
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-------------------
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You should always run the setup command from the distribution root directory,
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i.e. the top-level subdirectory that the module source distribution unpacks
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into. For example, if you've just downloaded a module source distribution
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:file:`foo-1.0.tar.gz` onto a Unix system, the normal thing to do is::
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gunzip -c foo-1.0.tar.gz | tar xf - # unpacks into directory foo-1.0
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cd foo-1.0
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python setup.py install
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|
On Windows, you'd probably download :file:`foo-1.0.zip`. If you downloaded the
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archive file to :file:`C:\\Temp`, then it would unpack into
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|
:file:`C:\\Temp\\foo-1.0`; you can use either a archive manipulator with a
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graphical user interface (such as WinZip) or a command-line tool (such as
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:program:`unzip` or :program:`pkunzip`) to unpack the archive. Then, open a
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command prompt window ("DOS box"), and run::
|
|
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|
cd c:\Temp\foo-1.0
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|
python setup.py install
|
|
|
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.. _inst-splitting-up:
|
|
|
|
Splitting the job up
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|
--------------------
|
|
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|
Running ``setup.py install`` builds and installs all modules in one run. If you
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prefer to work incrementally---especially useful if you want to customize the
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|
build process, or if things are going wrong---you can use the setup script to do
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|
one thing at a time. This is particularly helpful when the build and install
|
|
will be done by different users---for example, you might want to build a module
|
|
distribution and hand it off to a system administrator for installation (or do
|
|
it yourself, with super-user privileges).
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|
|
|
For example, you can build everything in one step, and then install everything
|
|
in a second step, by invoking the setup script twice::
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|
python setup.py build
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python setup.py install
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If you do this, you will notice that running the :command:`install` command
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first runs the :command:`build` command, which---in this case---quickly notices
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that it has nothing to do, since everything in the :file:`build` directory is
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|
up-to-date.
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|
|
You may not need this ability to break things down often if all you do is
|
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install modules downloaded off the 'net, but it's very handy for more advanced
|
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tasks. If you get into distributing your own Python modules and extensions,
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|
you'll run lots of individual Distutils commands on their own.
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.. _inst-how-build-works:
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How building works
|
|
------------------
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As implied above, the :command:`build` command is responsible for putting the
|
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files to install into a *build directory*. By default, this is :file:`build`
|
|
under the distribution root; if you're excessively concerned with speed, or want
|
|
to keep the source tree pristine, you can change the build directory with the
|
|
:option:`--build-base` option. For example::
|
|
|
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python setup.py build --build-base=/tmp/pybuild/foo-1.0
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|
|
(Or you could do this permanently with a directive in your system or personal
|
|
Distutils configuration file; see section :ref:`inst-config-files`.) Normally, this
|
|
isn't necessary.
|
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The default layout for the build tree is as follows::
|
|
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|
--- build/ --- lib/
|
|
or
|
|
--- build/ --- lib.<plat>/
|
|
temp.<plat>/
|
|
|
|
where ``<plat>`` expands to a brief description of the current OS/hardware
|
|
platform and Python version. The first form, with just a :file:`lib` directory,
|
|
is used for "pure module distributions"---that is, module distributions that
|
|
include only pure Python modules. If a module distribution contains any
|
|
extensions (modules written in C/C++), then the second form, with two ``<plat>``
|
|
directories, is used. In that case, the :file:`temp.{plat}` directory holds
|
|
temporary files generated by the compile/link process that don't actually get
|
|
installed. In either case, the :file:`lib` (or :file:`lib.{plat}`) directory
|
|
contains all Python modules (pure Python and extensions) that will be installed.
|
|
|
|
In the future, more directories will be added to handle Python scripts,
|
|
documentation, binary executables, and whatever else is needed to handle the job
|
|
of installing Python modules and applications.
|
|
|
|
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.. _inst-how-install-works:
|
|
|
|
How installation works
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
After the :command:`build` command runs (whether you run it explicitly, or the
|
|
:command:`install` command does it for you), the work of the :command:`install`
|
|
command is relatively simple: all it has to do is copy everything under
|
|
:file:`build/lib` (or :file:`build/lib.{plat}`) to your chosen installation
|
|
directory.
|
|
|
|
If you don't choose an installation directory---i.e., if you just run ``setup.py
|
|
install``\ ---then the :command:`install` command installs to the standard
|
|
location for third-party Python modules. This location varies by platform and
|
|
by how you built/installed Python itself. On Unix (and Mac OS X, which is also
|
|
Unix-based), it also depends on whether the module distribution being installed
|
|
is pure Python or contains extensions ("non-pure"):
|
|
|
|
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| Platform | Standard installation location | Default value | Notes |
|
|
+=================+=====================================================+==================================================+=======+
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|
| Unix (pure) | :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` | :file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` | \(1) |
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|
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| Unix (non-pure) | :file:`{exec-prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` | :file:`/usr/local/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` | \(1) |
|
|
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| Windows | :file:`{prefix}` | :file:`C:\\Python` | \(2) |
|
|
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
|
|
Notes:
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Most Linux distributions include Python as a standard part of the system, so
|
|
:file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}` are usually both :file:`/usr` on
|
|
Linux. If you build Python yourself on Linux (or any Unix-like system), the
|
|
default :file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}` are :file:`/usr/local`.
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
The default installation directory on Windows was :file:`C:\\Program
|
|
Files\\Python` under Python 1.6a1, 1.5.2, and earlier.
|
|
|
|
:file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}` stand for the directories that Python
|
|
is installed to, and where it finds its libraries at run-time. They are always
|
|
the same under Windows, and very often the same under Unix and Mac OS X. You
|
|
can find out what your Python installation uses for :file:`{prefix}` and
|
|
:file:`{exec-prefix}` by running Python in interactive mode and typing a few
|
|
simple commands. Under Unix, just type ``python`` at the shell prompt. Under
|
|
Windows, choose :menuselection:`Start --> Programs --> Python X.Y -->
|
|
Python (command line)`. Once the interpreter is started, you type Python code
|
|
at the prompt. For example, on my Linux system, I type the three Python
|
|
statements shown below, and get the output as shown, to find out my
|
|
:file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec-prefix}`::
|
|
|
|
Python 2.4 (#26, Aug 7 2004, 17:19:02)
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|
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
|
|
>>> import sys
|
|
>>> sys.prefix
|
|
'/usr'
|
|
>>> sys.exec_prefix
|
|
'/usr'
|
|
|
|
If you don't want to install modules to the standard location, or if you don't
|
|
have permission to write there, then you need to read about alternate
|
|
installations in section :ref:`inst-alt-install`. If you want to customize your
|
|
installation directories more heavily, see section :ref:`inst-custom-install` on
|
|
custom installations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-alt-install:
|
|
|
|
Alternate Installation
|
|
======================
|
|
|
|
Often, it is necessary or desirable to install modules to a location other than
|
|
the standard location for third-party Python modules. For example, on a Unix
|
|
system you might not have permission to write to the standard third-party module
|
|
directory. Or you might wish to try out a module before making it a standard
|
|
part of your local Python installation. This is especially true when upgrading
|
|
a distribution already present: you want to make sure your existing base of
|
|
scripts still works with the new version before actually upgrading.
|
|
|
|
The Distutils :command:`install` command is designed to make installing module
|
|
distributions to an alternate location simple and painless. The basic idea is
|
|
that you supply a base directory for the installation, and the
|
|
:command:`install` command picks a set of directories (called an *installation
|
|
scheme*) under this base directory in which to install files. The details
|
|
differ across platforms, so read whichever of the following sections applies to
|
|
you.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-alt-install-prefix:
|
|
|
|
Alternate installation: the home scheme
|
|
---------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The idea behind the "home scheme" is that you build and maintain a personal
|
|
stash of Python modules. This scheme's name is derived from the idea of a
|
|
"home" directory on Unix, since it's not unusual for a Unix user to make their
|
|
home directory have a layout similar to :file:`/usr/` or :file:`/usr/local/`.
|
|
This scheme can be used by anyone, regardless of the operating system their
|
|
installing for.
|
|
|
|
Installing a new module distribution is as simple as ::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --home=<dir>
|
|
|
|
where you can supply any directory you like for the :option:`--home` option. On
|
|
Unix, lazy typists can just type a tilde (``~``); the :command:`install` command
|
|
will expand this to your home directory::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --home=~
|
|
|
|
The :option:`--home` option defines the installation base directory. Files are
|
|
installed to the following directories under the installation base as follows:
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| Type of file | Installation Directory | Override option |
|
|
+==============================+===========================+=============================+
|
|
| pure module distribution | :file:`{home}/lib/python` | :option:`--install-purelib` |
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| non-pure module distribution | :file:`{home}/lib/python` | :option:`--install-platlib` |
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| scripts | :file:`{home}/bin` | :option:`--install-scripts` |
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| data | :file:`{home}/share` | :option:`--install-data` |
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.4
|
|
The :option:`--home` option used to be supported only on Unix.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-alt-install-home:
|
|
|
|
Alternate installation: Unix (the prefix scheme)
|
|
------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The "prefix scheme" is useful when you wish to use one Python installation to
|
|
perform the build/install (i.e., to run the setup script), but install modules
|
|
into the third-party module directory of a different Python installation (or
|
|
something that looks like a different Python installation). If this sounds a
|
|
trifle unusual, it is---that's why the "home scheme" comes first. However,
|
|
there are at least two known cases where the prefix scheme will be useful.
|
|
|
|
First, consider that many Linux distributions put Python in :file:`/usr`, rather
|
|
than the more traditional :file:`/usr/local`. This is entirely appropriate,
|
|
since in those cases Python is part of "the system" rather than a local add-on.
|
|
However, if you are installing Python modules from source, you probably want
|
|
them to go in :file:`/usr/local/lib/python2.{X}` rather than
|
|
:file:`/usr/lib/python2.{X}`. This can be done with ::
|
|
|
|
/usr/bin/python setup.py install --prefix=/usr/local
|
|
|
|
Another possibility is a network filesystem where the name used to write to a
|
|
remote directory is different from the name used to read it: for example, the
|
|
Python interpreter accessed as :file:`/usr/local/bin/python` might search for
|
|
modules in :file:`/usr/local/lib/python2.{X}`, but those modules would have to
|
|
be installed to, say, :file:`/mnt/{@server}/export/lib/python2.{X}`. This could
|
|
be done with ::
|
|
|
|
/usr/local/bin/python setup.py install --prefix=/mnt/@server/export
|
|
|
|
In either case, the :option:`--prefix` option defines the installation base, and
|
|
the :option:`--exec-prefix` option defines the platform-specific installation
|
|
base, which is used for platform-specific files. (Currently, this just means
|
|
non-pure module distributions, but could be expanded to C libraries, binary
|
|
executables, etc.) If :option:`--exec-prefix` is not supplied, it defaults to
|
|
:option:`--prefix`. Files are installed as follows:
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| Type of file | Installation Directory | Override option |
|
|
+==============================+=====================================================+=============================+
|
|
| pure module distribution | :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` | :option:`--install-purelib` |
|
|
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| non-pure module distribution | :file:`{exec-prefix}/lib/python{X.Y}/site-packages` | :option:`--install-platlib` |
|
|
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| scripts | :file:`{prefix}/bin` | :option:`--install-scripts` |
|
|
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| data | :file:`{prefix}/share` | :option:`--install-data` |
|
|
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
|
|
There is no requirement that :option:`--prefix` or :option:`--exec-prefix`
|
|
actually point to an alternate Python installation; if the directories listed
|
|
above do not already exist, they are created at installation time.
|
|
|
|
Incidentally, the real reason the prefix scheme is important is simply that a
|
|
standard Unix installation uses the prefix scheme, but with :option:`--prefix`
|
|
and :option:`--exec-prefix` supplied by Python itself as ``sys.prefix`` and
|
|
``sys.exec_prefix``. Thus, you might think you'll never use the prefix scheme,
|
|
but every time you run ``python setup.py install`` without any other options,
|
|
you're using it.
|
|
|
|
Note that installing extensions to an alternate Python installation has no
|
|
effect on how those extensions are built: in particular, the Python header files
|
|
(:file:`Python.h` and friends) installed with the Python interpreter used to run
|
|
the setup script will be used in compiling extensions. It is your
|
|
responsibility to ensure that the interpreter used to run extensions installed
|
|
in this way is compatible with the interpreter used to build them. The best way
|
|
to do this is to ensure that the two interpreters are the same version of Python
|
|
(possibly different builds, or possibly copies of the same build). (Of course,
|
|
if your :option:`--prefix` and :option:`--exec-prefix` don't even point to an
|
|
alternate Python installation, this is immaterial.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-alt-install-windows:
|
|
|
|
Alternate installation: Windows (the prefix scheme)
|
|
---------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Windows has no concept of a user's home directory, and since the standard Python
|
|
installation under Windows is simpler than under Unix, the :option:`--prefix`
|
|
option has traditionally been used to install additional packages in separate
|
|
locations on Windows. ::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --prefix="\Temp\Python"
|
|
|
|
to install modules to the :file:`\\Temp\\Python` directory on the current drive.
|
|
|
|
The installation base is defined by the :option:`--prefix` option; the
|
|
:option:`--exec-prefix` option is not supported under Windows. Files are
|
|
installed as follows:
|
|
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| Type of file | Installation Directory | Override option |
|
|
+==============================+===========================+=============================+
|
|
| pure module distribution | :file:`{prefix}` | :option:`--install-purelib` |
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| non-pure module distribution | :file:`{prefix}` | :option:`--install-platlib` |
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| scripts | :file:`{prefix}\\Scripts` | :option:`--install-scripts` |
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
| data | :file:`{prefix}\\Data` | :option:`--install-data` |
|
|
+------------------------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-custom-install:
|
|
|
|
Custom Installation
|
|
===================
|
|
|
|
Sometimes, the alternate installation schemes described in section
|
|
:ref:`inst-alt-install` just don't do what you want. You might want to tweak just
|
|
one or two directories while keeping everything under the same base directory,
|
|
or you might want to completely redefine the installation scheme. In either
|
|
case, you're creating a *custom installation scheme*.
|
|
|
|
You probably noticed the column of "override options" in the tables describing
|
|
the alternate installation schemes above. Those options are how you define a
|
|
custom installation scheme. These override options can be relative, absolute,
|
|
or explicitly defined in terms of one of the installation base directories.
|
|
(There are two installation base directories, and they are normally the same---
|
|
they only differ when you use the Unix "prefix scheme" and supply different
|
|
:option:`--prefix` and :option:`--exec-prefix` options.)
|
|
|
|
For example, say you're installing a module distribution to your home directory
|
|
under Unix---but you want scripts to go in :file:`~/scripts` rather than
|
|
:file:`~/bin`. As you might expect, you can override this directory with the
|
|
:option:`--install-scripts` option; in this case, it makes most sense to supply
|
|
a relative path, which will be interpreted relative to the installation base
|
|
directory (your home directory, in this case)::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --home=~ --install-scripts=scripts
|
|
|
|
Another Unix example: suppose your Python installation was built and installed
|
|
with a prefix of :file:`/usr/local/python`, so under a standard installation
|
|
scripts will wind up in :file:`/usr/local/python/bin`. If you want them in
|
|
:file:`/usr/local/bin` instead, you would supply this absolute directory for the
|
|
:option:`--install-scripts` option::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --install-scripts=/usr/local/bin
|
|
|
|
(This performs an installation using the "prefix scheme," where the prefix is
|
|
whatever your Python interpreter was installed with--- :file:`/usr/local/python`
|
|
in this case.)
|
|
|
|
If you maintain Python on Windows, you might want third-party modules to live in
|
|
a subdirectory of :file:`{prefix}`, rather than right in :file:`{prefix}`
|
|
itself. This is almost as easy as customizing the script installation directory
|
|
---you just have to remember that there are two types of modules to worry about,
|
|
pure modules and non-pure modules (i.e., modules from a non-pure distribution).
|
|
For example::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --install-purelib=Site --install-platlib=Site
|
|
|
|
The specified installation directories are relative to :file:`{prefix}`. Of
|
|
course, you also have to ensure that these directories are in Python's module
|
|
search path, such as by putting a :file:`.pth` file in :file:`{prefix}`. See
|
|
section :ref:`inst-search-path` to find out how to modify Python's search path.
|
|
|
|
If you want to define an entire installation scheme, you just have to supply all
|
|
of the installation directory options. The recommended way to do this is to
|
|
supply relative paths; for example, if you want to maintain all Python
|
|
module-related files under :file:`python` in your home directory, and you want a
|
|
separate directory for each platform that you use your home directory from, you
|
|
might define the following installation scheme::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --home=~ \
|
|
--install-purelib=python/lib \
|
|
--install-platlib=python/lib.$PLAT \
|
|
--install-scripts=python/scripts
|
|
--install-data=python/data
|
|
|
|
or, equivalently,
|
|
|
|
.. % $ % -- bow to font-lock
|
|
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --home=~/python \
|
|
--install-purelib=lib \
|
|
--install-platlib='lib.$PLAT' \
|
|
--install-scripts=scripts
|
|
--install-data=data
|
|
|
|
``$PLAT`` is not (necessarily) an environment variable---it will be expanded by
|
|
the Distutils as it parses your command line options, just as it does when
|
|
parsing your configuration file(s).
|
|
|
|
.. % $ % -- bow to font-lock
|
|
|
|
Obviously, specifying the entire installation scheme every time you install a
|
|
new module distribution would be very tedious. Thus, you can put these options
|
|
into your Distutils config file (see section :ref:`inst-config-files`)::
|
|
|
|
[install]
|
|
install-base=$HOME
|
|
install-purelib=python/lib
|
|
install-platlib=python/lib.$PLAT
|
|
install-scripts=python/scripts
|
|
install-data=python/data
|
|
|
|
or, equivalently, ::
|
|
|
|
[install]
|
|
install-base=$HOME/python
|
|
install-purelib=lib
|
|
install-platlib=lib.$PLAT
|
|
install-scripts=scripts
|
|
install-data=data
|
|
|
|
Note that these two are *not* equivalent if you supply a different installation
|
|
base directory when you run the setup script. For example, ::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py install --install-base=/tmp
|
|
|
|
would install pure modules to :file:`{/tmp/python/lib}` in the first case, and
|
|
to :file:`{/tmp/lib}` in the second case. (For the second case, you probably
|
|
want to supply an installation base of :file:`/tmp/python`.)
|
|
|
|
You probably noticed the use of ``$HOME`` and ``$PLAT`` in the sample
|
|
configuration file input. These are Distutils configuration variables, which
|
|
bear a strong resemblance to environment variables. In fact, you can use
|
|
environment variables in config files on platforms that have such a notion but
|
|
the Distutils additionally define a few extra variables that may not be in your
|
|
environment, such as ``$PLAT``. (And of course, on systems that don't have
|
|
environment variables, such as Mac OS 9, the configuration variables supplied by
|
|
the Distutils are the only ones you can use.) See section :ref:`inst-config-files`
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.. % XXX need some Windows examples---when would custom
|
|
.. % installation schemes be needed on those platforms?
|
|
|
|
.. % XXX I'm not sure where this section should go.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-search-path:
|
|
|
|
Modifying Python's Search Path
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
When the Python interpreter executes an :keyword:`import` statement, it searches
|
|
for both Python code and extension modules along a search path. A default value
|
|
for the path is configured into the Python binary when the interpreter is built.
|
|
You can determine the path by importing the :mod:`sys` module and printing the
|
|
value of ``sys.path``. ::
|
|
|
|
$ python
|
|
Python 2.2 (#11, Oct 3 2002, 13:31:27)
|
|
[GCC 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.3 2.96-112)] on linux2
|
|
Type ``help'', ``copyright'', ``credits'' or ``license'' for more information.
|
|
>>> import sys
|
|
>>> sys.path
|
|
['', '/usr/local/lib/python2.3', '/usr/local/lib/python2.3/plat-linux2',
|
|
'/usr/local/lib/python2.3/lib-tk', '/usr/local/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload',
|
|
'/usr/local/lib/python2.3/site-packages']
|
|
>>>
|
|
|
|
The null string in ``sys.path`` represents the current working directory.
|
|
|
|
The expected convention for locally installed packages is to put them in the
|
|
:file:`{...}/site-packages/` directory, but you may want to install Python
|
|
modules into some arbitrary directory. For example, your site may have a
|
|
convention of keeping all software related to the web server under :file:`/www`.
|
|
Add-on Python modules might then belong in :file:`/www/python`, and in order to
|
|
import them, this directory must be added to ``sys.path``. There are several
|
|
different ways to add the directory.
|
|
|
|
The most convenient way is to add a path configuration file to a directory
|
|
that's already on Python's path, usually to the :file:`.../site-packages/`
|
|
directory. Path configuration files have an extension of :file:`.pth`, and each
|
|
line must contain a single path that will be appended to ``sys.path``. (Because
|
|
the new paths are appended to ``sys.path``, modules in the added directories
|
|
will not override standard modules. This means you can't use this mechanism for
|
|
installing fixed versions of standard modules.)
|
|
|
|
Paths can be absolute or relative, in which case they're relative to the
|
|
directory containing the :file:`.pth` file. Any directories added to the search
|
|
path will be scanned in turn for :file:`.pth` files. See the documentation of
|
|
the :mod:`site` module for more information.
|
|
|
|
A slightly less convenient way is to edit the :file:`site.py` file in Python's
|
|
standard library, and modify ``sys.path``. :file:`site.py` is automatically
|
|
imported when the Python interpreter is executed, unless the :option:`-S` switch
|
|
is supplied to suppress this behaviour. So you could simply edit
|
|
:file:`site.py` and add two lines to it::
|
|
|
|
import sys
|
|
sys.path.append('/www/python/')
|
|
|
|
However, if you reinstall the same major version of Python (perhaps when
|
|
upgrading from 2.2 to 2.2.2, for example) :file:`site.py` will be overwritten by
|
|
the stock version. You'd have to remember that it was modified and save a copy
|
|
before doing the installation.
|
|
|
|
There are two environment variables that can modify ``sys.path``.
|
|
:envvar:`PYTHONHOME` sets an alternate value for the prefix of the Python
|
|
installation. For example, if :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` is set to ``/www/python``,
|
|
the search path will be set to ``['', '/www/python/lib/pythonX.Y/',
|
|
'/www/python/lib/pythonX.Y/plat-linux2', ...]``.
|
|
|
|
The :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` variable can be set to a list of paths that will be
|
|
added to the beginning of ``sys.path``. For example, if :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` is
|
|
set to ``/www/python:/opt/py``, the search path will begin with
|
|
``['/www/python', '/opt/py']``. (Note that directories must exist in order to
|
|
be added to ``sys.path``; the :mod:`site` module removes paths that don't
|
|
exist.)
|
|
|
|
Finally, ``sys.path`` is just a regular Python list, so any Python application
|
|
can modify it by adding or removing entries.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-config-files:
|
|
|
|
Distutils Configuration Files
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
As mentioned above, you can use Distutils configuration files to record personal
|
|
or site preferences for any Distutils options. That is, any option to any
|
|
command can be stored in one of two or three (depending on your platform)
|
|
configuration files, which will be consulted before the command-line is parsed.
|
|
This means that configuration files will override default values, and the
|
|
command-line will in turn override configuration files. Furthermore, if
|
|
multiple configuration files apply, values from "earlier" files are overridden
|
|
by "later" files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-config-filenames:
|
|
|
|
Location and names of config files
|
|
----------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The names and locations of the configuration files vary slightly across
|
|
platforms. On Unix and Mac OS X, the three configuration files (in the order
|
|
they are processed) are:
|
|
|
|
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| Type of file | Location and filename | Notes |
|
|
+==============+==========================================================+=======+
|
|
| system | :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{ver}/distutils/distutils.cfg` | \(1) |
|
|
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| personal | :file:`$HOME/.pydistutils.cfg` | \(2) |
|
|
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| local | :file:`setup.cfg` | \(3) |
|
|
+--------------+----------------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
|
|
And on Windows, the configuration files are:
|
|
|
|
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| Type of file | Location and filename | Notes |
|
|
+==============+=================================================+=======+
|
|
| system | :file:`{prefix}\\Lib\\distutils\\distutils.cfg` | \(4) |
|
|
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| personal | :file:`%HOME%\\pydistutils.cfg` | \(5) |
|
|
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
| local | :file:`setup.cfg` | \(3) |
|
|
+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------+
|
|
|
|
Notes:
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Strictly speaking, the system-wide configuration file lives in the directory
|
|
where the Distutils are installed; under Python 1.6 and later on Unix, this is
|
|
as shown. For Python 1.5.2, the Distutils will normally be installed to
|
|
:file:`{prefix}/lib/python1.5/site-packages/distutils`, so the system
|
|
configuration file should be put there under Python 1.5.2.
|
|
|
|
(2)
|
|
On Unix, if the :envvar:`HOME` environment variable is not defined, the user's
|
|
home directory will be determined with the :func:`getpwuid` function from the
|
|
standard :mod:`pwd` module.
|
|
|
|
(3)
|
|
I.e., in the current directory (usually the location of the setup script).
|
|
|
|
(4)
|
|
(See also note (1).) Under Python 1.6 and later, Python's default "installation
|
|
prefix" is :file:`C:\\Python`, so the system configuration file is normally
|
|
:file:`C:\\Python\\Lib\\distutils\\distutils.cfg`. Under Python 1.5.2, the
|
|
default prefix was :file:`C:\\Program Files\\Python`, and the Distutils were not
|
|
part of the standard library---so the system configuration file would be
|
|
:file:`C:\\Program Files\\Python\\distutils\\distutils.cfg` in a standard Python
|
|
1.5.2 installation under Windows.
|
|
|
|
(5)
|
|
On Windows, if the :envvar:`HOME` environment variable is not defined, no
|
|
personal configuration file will be found or used. (In other words, the
|
|
Distutils make no attempt to guess your home directory on Windows.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-config-syntax:
|
|
|
|
Syntax of config files
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
The Distutils configuration files all have the same syntax. The config files
|
|
are grouped into sections. There is one section for each Distutils command,
|
|
plus a ``global`` section for global options that affect every command. Each
|
|
section consists of one option per line, specified as ``option=value``.
|
|
|
|
For example, the following is a complete config file that just forces all
|
|
commands to run quietly by default::
|
|
|
|
[global]
|
|
verbose=0
|
|
|
|
If this is installed as the system config file, it will affect all processing of
|
|
any Python module distribution by any user on the current system. If it is
|
|
installed as your personal config file (on systems that support them), it will
|
|
affect only module distributions processed by you. And if it is used as the
|
|
:file:`setup.cfg` for a particular module distribution, it affects only that
|
|
distribution.
|
|
|
|
You could override the default "build base" directory and make the
|
|
:command:`build\*` commands always forcibly rebuild all files with the
|
|
following::
|
|
|
|
[build]
|
|
build-base=blib
|
|
force=1
|
|
|
|
which corresponds to the command-line arguments ::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py build --build-base=blib --force
|
|
|
|
except that including the :command:`build` command on the command-line means
|
|
that command will be run. Including a particular command in config files has no
|
|
such implication; it only means that if the command is run, the options in the
|
|
config file will apply. (Or if other commands that derive values from it are
|
|
run, they will use the values in the config file.)
|
|
|
|
You can find out the complete list of options for any command using the
|
|
:option:`--help` option, e.g.::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py build --help
|
|
|
|
and you can find out the complete list of global options by using
|
|
:option:`--help` without a command::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py --help
|
|
|
|
See also the "Reference" section of the "Distributing Python Modules" manual.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-building-ext:
|
|
|
|
Building Extensions: Tips and Tricks
|
|
====================================
|
|
|
|
Whenever possible, the Distutils try to use the configuration information made
|
|
available by the Python interpreter used to run the :file:`setup.py` script.
|
|
For example, the same compiler and linker flags used to compile Python will also
|
|
be used for compiling extensions. Usually this will work well, but in
|
|
complicated situations this might be inappropriate. This section discusses how
|
|
to override the usual Distutils behaviour.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-tweak-flags:
|
|
|
|
Tweaking compiler/linker flags
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Compiling a Python extension written in C or C++ will sometimes require
|
|
specifying custom flags for the compiler and linker in order to use a particular
|
|
library or produce a special kind of object code. This is especially true if the
|
|
extension hasn't been tested on your platform, or if you're trying to
|
|
cross-compile Python.
|
|
|
|
In the most general case, the extension author might have foreseen that
|
|
compiling the extensions would be complicated, and provided a :file:`Setup` file
|
|
for you to edit. This will likely only be done if the module distribution
|
|
contains many separate extension modules, or if they often require elaborate
|
|
sets of compiler flags in order to work.
|
|
|
|
A :file:`Setup` file, if present, is parsed in order to get a list of extensions
|
|
to build. Each line in a :file:`Setup` describes a single module. Lines have
|
|
the following structure::
|
|
|
|
module ... [sourcefile ...] [cpparg ...] [library ...]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Let's examine each of the fields in turn.
|
|
|
|
* *module* is the name of the extension module to be built, and should be a
|
|
valid Python identifier. You can't just change this in order to rename a module
|
|
(edits to the source code would also be needed), so this should be left alone.
|
|
|
|
* *sourcefile* is anything that's likely to be a source code file, at least
|
|
judging by the filename. Filenames ending in :file:`.c` are assumed to be
|
|
written in C, filenames ending in :file:`.C`, :file:`.cc`, and :file:`.c++` are
|
|
assumed to be C++, and filenames ending in :file:`.m` or :file:`.mm` are assumed
|
|
to be in Objective C.
|
|
|
|
* *cpparg* is an argument for the C preprocessor, and is anything starting with
|
|
:option:`-I`, :option:`-D`, :option:`-U` or :option:`-C`.
|
|
|
|
* *library* is anything ending in :file:`.a` or beginning with :option:`-l` or
|
|
:option:`-L`.
|
|
|
|
If a particular platform requires a special library on your platform, you can
|
|
add it by editing the :file:`Setup` file and running ``python setup.py build``.
|
|
For example, if the module defined by the line ::
|
|
|
|
foo foomodule.c
|
|
|
|
must be linked with the math library :file:`libm.a` on your platform, simply add
|
|
:option:`-lm` to the line::
|
|
|
|
foo foomodule.c -lm
|
|
|
|
Arbitrary switches intended for the compiler or the linker can be supplied with
|
|
the :option:`-Xcompiler` *arg* and :option:`-Xlinker` *arg* options::
|
|
|
|
foo foomodule.c -Xcompiler -o32 -Xlinker -shared -lm
|
|
|
|
The next option after :option:`-Xcompiler` and :option:`-Xlinker` will be
|
|
appended to the proper command line, so in the above example the compiler will
|
|
be passed the :option:`-o32` option, and the linker will be passed
|
|
:option:`-shared`. If a compiler option requires an argument, you'll have to
|
|
supply multiple :option:`-Xcompiler` options; for example, to pass ``-x c++``
|
|
the :file:`Setup` file would have to contain ``-Xcompiler -x -Xcompiler c++``.
|
|
|
|
Compiler flags can also be supplied through setting the :envvar:`CFLAGS`
|
|
environment variable. If set, the contents of :envvar:`CFLAGS` will be added to
|
|
the compiler flags specified in the :file:`Setup` file.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _inst-non-ms-compilers:
|
|
|
|
Using non-Microsoft compilers on Windows
|
|
----------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. sectionauthor:: Rene Liebscher <R.Liebscher@gmx.de>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Borland C++
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
This subsection describes the necessary steps to use Distutils with the Borland
|
|
C++ compiler version 5.5. First you have to know that Borland's object file
|
|
format (OMF) is different from the format used by the Python version you can
|
|
download from the Python or ActiveState Web site. (Python is built with
|
|
Microsoft Visual C++, which uses COFF as the object file format.) For this
|
|
reason you have to convert Python's library :file:`python25.lib` into the
|
|
Borland format. You can do this as follows:
|
|
|
|
.. % Should we mention that users have to create cfg-files for the compiler?
|
|
.. % see also http://community.borland.com/article/0,1410,21205,00.html
|
|
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
coff2omf python25.lib python25_bcpp.lib
|
|
|
|
The :file:`coff2omf` program comes with the Borland compiler. The file
|
|
:file:`python25.lib` is in the :file:`Libs` directory of your Python
|
|
installation. If your extension uses other libraries (zlib, ...) you have to
|
|
convert them too.
|
|
|
|
The converted files have to reside in the same directories as the normal
|
|
libraries.
|
|
|
|
How does Distutils manage to use these libraries with their changed names? If
|
|
the extension needs a library (eg. :file:`foo`) Distutils checks first if it
|
|
finds a library with suffix :file:`_bcpp` (eg. :file:`foo_bcpp.lib`) and then
|
|
uses this library. In the case it doesn't find such a special library it uses
|
|
the default name (:file:`foo.lib`.) [#]_
|
|
|
|
To let Distutils compile your extension with Borland C++ you now have to type::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py build --compiler=bcpp
|
|
|
|
If you want to use the Borland C++ compiler as the default, you could specify
|
|
this in your personal or system-wide configuration file for Distutils (see
|
|
section :ref:`inst-config-files`.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
`C++Builder Compiler <http://www.borland.com/bcppbuilder/freecompiler/>`_
|
|
Information about the free C++ compiler from Borland, including links to the
|
|
download pages.
|
|
|
|
`Creating Python Extensions Using Borland's Free Compiler <http://www.cyberus.ca/~g_will/pyExtenDL.shtml>`_
|
|
Document describing how to use Borland's free command-line C++ compiler to build
|
|
Python.
|
|
|
|
|
|
GNU C / Cygwin / MinGW
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
These instructions only apply if you're using a version of Python prior to
|
|
2.4.1 with a MinGW prior to 3.0.0 (with binutils-2.13.90-20030111-1).
|
|
|
|
This section describes the necessary steps to use Distutils with the GNU C/C++
|
|
compilers in their Cygwin and MinGW distributions. [#]_ For a Python interpreter
|
|
that was built with Cygwin, everything should work without any of these
|
|
following steps.
|
|
|
|
These compilers require some special libraries. This task is more complex than
|
|
for Borland's C++, because there is no program to convert the library. First
|
|
you have to create a list of symbols which the Python DLL exports. (You can find
|
|
a good program for this task at
|
|
http://starship.python.net/crew/kernr/mingw32/Notes.html, see at PExports 0.42h
|
|
there.)
|
|
|
|
.. % I don't understand what the next line means. --amk
|
|
.. % (inclusive the references on data structures.)
|
|
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
pexports python25.dll >python25.def
|
|
|
|
The location of an installed :file:`python25.dll` will depend on the
|
|
installation options and the version and language of Windows. In a "just for
|
|
me" installation, it will appear in the root of the installation directory. In
|
|
a shared installation, it will be located in the system directory.
|
|
|
|
Then you can create from these information an import library for gcc. ::
|
|
|
|
/cygwin/bin/dlltool --dllname python25.dll --def python25.def --output-lib libpython25.a
|
|
|
|
The resulting library has to be placed in the same directory as
|
|
:file:`python25.lib`. (Should be the :file:`libs` directory under your Python
|
|
installation directory.)
|
|
|
|
If your extension uses other libraries (zlib,...) you might have to convert
|
|
them too. The converted files have to reside in the same directories as the
|
|
normal libraries do.
|
|
|
|
To let Distutils compile your extension with Cygwin you now have to type ::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py build --compiler=cygwin
|
|
|
|
and for Cygwin in no-cygwin mode [#]_ or for MinGW type::
|
|
|
|
python setup.py build --compiler=mingw32
|
|
|
|
If you want to use any of these options/compilers as default, you should
|
|
consider to write it in your personal or system-wide configuration file for
|
|
Distutils (see section :ref:`inst-config-files`.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. seealso::
|
|
|
|
`Building Python modules on MS Windows platform with MinGW <http://www.zope.org/Members/als/tips/win32_mingw_modules>`_
|
|
Information about building the required libraries for the MinGW environment.
|
|
|
|
http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/ftp/win32-stuff/
|
|
Converted import libraries in Cygwin/MinGW and Borland format, and a script to
|
|
create the registry entries needed for Distutils to locate the built Python.
|
|
|
|
.. rubric:: Footnotes
|
|
|
|
.. [#] This also means you could replace all existing COFF-libraries with OMF-libraries
|
|
of the same name.
|
|
|
|
.. [#] Check http://sources.redhat.com/cygwin/ and http://www.mingw.org/ for more
|
|
information
|
|
|
|
.. [#] Then you have no POSIX emulation available, but you also don't need
|
|
:file:`cygwin1.dll`.
|