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365 lines
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ReStructuredText
365 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _embedded_content:
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================
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Embedded content
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================
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Wagtail supports generating embed code from URLs to content on external
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providers such as Youtube or Twitter. By default, Wagtail will fetch the embed
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code directly from the relevant provider's site using the oEmbed protocol.
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Wagtail has a built-in list of the most common providers and this list can be
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changed :ref:`with a setting <customising_embed_providers>`. Wagtail also supports
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fetching embed code using `Embedly`_ and :ref:`custom embed finders <custom_embed_finders>`.
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Embedding content on your site
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==============================
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Wagtail's embeds module should work straight out of the box for most providers.
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You can use any of the following methods to call the module:
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Rich text
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---------
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Wagtail's default rich text editor has a "media" icon that allows embeds to be
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placed into rich text. You don't have to do anything to enable this; just make
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sure the rich text field's content is being passed through the ``|richtext``
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filter in the template as this is what calls the embeds module to fetch and
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nest the embed code.
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``EmbedBlock`` StreamField block type
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-------------------------------------
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The :class:`~wagtail.embeds.block.EmbedBlock` block type allows embeds
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to be placed into a ``StreamField``.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.embeds.blocks import EmbedBlock
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class MyStreamField(blocks.StreamBlock):
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...
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embed = EmbedBlock()
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``{% embed %}`` tag
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-------------------
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Syntax: ``{% embed <url> [max_width=<max width>] %}``
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You can nest embeds into a template by passing the URL and an optional
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``max_width`` argument to the ``{% embed %}`` tag.
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The ``max_width`` argument is sent to the provider when fetching the embed code.
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.. code-block:: html+Django
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{% load wagtailembeds_tags %}
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{# Embed a YouTube video #}
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{% embed 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJXMTtvCxRo' %}
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{# This tag can also take the URL from a variable #}
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{% embed page.video_url %}
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From Python
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-----------
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You can also call the internal ``get_embed`` function that takes a URL string
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and returns an ``Embed`` object (see model documentation below). This also
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takes a ``max_width`` keyword argument that is sent to the provider when
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fetching the embed code.
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.embeds.embeds import get_embed
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from wagtail.embeds.exceptions import EmbedException
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try:
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embed = get_embed('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJXMTtvCxRo')
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print(embed.html)
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except EmbedException:
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# Cannot find embed
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pass
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.. _configuring_embed_finders:
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Configuring embed "finders"
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===========================
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Embed finders are the modules within Wagtail that are responsible for producing
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embed code from a URL.
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Embed finders are configured using the ``WAGTAILEMBEDS_FINDERS`` setting. This
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is a list of finder configurations that are each run in order until one of them
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successfully returns an embed:
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The default configuration is:
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.. code-block:: python
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WAGTAILEMBEDS_FINDERS = [
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{
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'class': 'wagtail.embeds.finders.oembed'
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}
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]
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.. _oEmbed:
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oEmbed (default)
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----------------
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The default embed finder fetches the embed code directly from the content
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provider using the oEmbed protocol. Wagtail has a built-in list of providers
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which are all enabled by default. You can find that provider list at the
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following link:
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https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/blob/master/wagtail/embeds/oembed_providers.py
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.. _customising_embed_providers:
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Customising the provider list
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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You can limit which providers may be used by specifying the list of providers
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in the finder configuration.
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For example, this configuration will only allow content to be nested from Vimeo
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and Youtube. It also adds a custom provider:
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.embeds.oembed_providers import youtube, vimeo
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# Add a custom provider
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# Your custom provider must support oEmbed for this to work. You should be
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# able to find these details in the provider's documentation.
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# - 'endpoint' is the URL of the oEmbed endpoint that Wagtail will call
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# - 'urls' specifies which patterns
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my_custom_provider = {
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'endpoint': 'https://customvideosite.com/oembed',
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'urls': [
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'^http(?:s)?://(?:www\\.)?customvideosite\\.com/[^#?/]+/videos/.+$',
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]
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}
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WAGTAILEMBEDS_FINDERS = [
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{
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'class': 'wagtail.embeds.finders.oembed',
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'providers': [youtube, vimeo, my_custom_provider],
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}
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]
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Customising an individual provider
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Multiple finders can be chained together. This can be used for customising the
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configuration for one provider without affecting the others.
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For example, this is how you can instruct Youtube to return videos in HTTPS
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(which must be done explicitly for YouTube):
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.embeds.oembed_providers import youtube
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WAGTAILEMBEDS_FINDERS = [
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# Fetches YouTube videos but puts ``?scheme=https`` in the GET parameters
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# when calling YouTube's oEmbed endpoint
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{
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'class': 'wagtail.embeds.finders.oembed',
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'providers': [youtube],
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'options': {'scheme': 'https'}
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},
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# Handles all other oEmbed providers the default way
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{
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'class': 'wagtail.embeds.finders.oembed',
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}
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]
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.. topic:: How Wagtail uses multiple finders
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If multiple providers can handle a URL (for example, a YouTube video was
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requested using the configuration above), the topmost finder is chosen to
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perform the request.
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Wagtail will not try to run any other finder, even if the chosen one didn't
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return an embed.
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.. _Embedly:
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Embed.ly
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--------
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`Embed.ly <https://embed.ly>`_ is a paid-for service that can also provide
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embeds for sites that do not implement the oEmbed protocol.
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They also provide some helpful features such as giving embeds a consistent look
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and a common video playback API which is useful if your site allows videos to
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be hosted on different providers and you need to implement custom controls for
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them.
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Wagtail has built in support for fetching embeds from Embed.ly. To use it, add
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an embed finder to your ``WAGTAILEMBEDS_FINDERS`` setting that uses the
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``wagtail.embeds.finders.oembed`` class and pass it your API key:
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.. code-block:: python
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WAGTAILEMBEDS_FINDERS = [
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{
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'class': 'wagtail.embeds.finders.embedly',
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'key': 'YOUR EMBED.LY KEY HERE'
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}
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]
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.. _custom_embed_finders:
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Custom embed finder classes
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---------------------------
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For complete control, you can create a custom finder class.
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Here's a stub finder class that could be used as a skeleton; please read the
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docstrings for details of what each method does:
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.. code-block:: python
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from wagtail.embeds.finders.base import EmbedFinder
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class ExampleFinder(EmbedFinder):
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def __init__(self, **options):
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pass
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def accept(self, url):
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"""
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Returns True if this finder knows how to fetch an embed for the URL.
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This should not have any side effects (no requests to external servers)
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"""
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pass
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def find_embed(self, url, max_width=None):
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"""
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Takes a URL and max width and returns a dictionary of information about the
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content to be used for embedding it on the site.
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This is the part that may make requests to external APIs.
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"""
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# TODO: Perform the request
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return {
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'title': "Title of the content",
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'author_name': "Author name",
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'provider_name': "Provider name (eg. YouTube, Vimeo, etc)",
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'type': "Either 'photo', 'video', 'link' or 'rich'",
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'thumbnail_url': "URL to thumbnail image",
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'width': width_in_pixels,
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'height': height_in_pixels,
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'html': "<h2>The Embed HTML</h2>,
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}
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Once you've implemented all of those methods, you just need to add it to your
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``WAGTAILEMBEDS_FINDERS`` setting:
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.. code-block:: python
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WAGTAILEMBEDS_FINDERS = [
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{
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'class': 'path.to.your.finder.class.here',
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# Any other options will be passed as kwargs to the __init__ method
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}
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]
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The ``Embed`` model
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===================
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.. class:: wagtail.embeds.models.Embed
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Embeds are fetched only once and stored in the database so subsequent requests
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for an individual embed do not hit the embed finders again.
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.. attribute:: url
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(text)
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The URL of the original content of this embed.
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.. attribute:: max_width
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(integer, nullable)
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The max width that was requested.
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.. attribute:: type
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(text)
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The type of the embed. This can be either 'video', 'photo', 'link' or 'rich'.
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.. attribute:: html
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(text)
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The HTML content of the embed that should be placed on the page
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.. attribute:: title
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(text)
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The title of the content that is being embedded.
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.. attribute:: author_name
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(text)
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The author name of the content that is being embedded.
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.. attribute:: provider_name
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(text)
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The provider name of the content that is being embedded.
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For example: YouTube, Vimeo
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.. attribute:: thumbnail_url
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(text)
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a URL to a thumbnail image of the content that is being embedded.
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.. attribute:: width
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(integer, nullable)
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The width of the embed (images and videos only).
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.. attribute:: height
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(integer, nullable)
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The height of the embed (images and videos only).
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.. attribute:: last_updated
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(datetime)
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The Date/time when this embed was last fetched.
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Deleting embeds
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---------------
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As long as your embeds configuration is not broken, deleting items in the
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``Embed`` model should be perfectly safe to do. Wagtail will automatically
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repopulate the records that are being used on the site.
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You may want to do this if you've changed from oEmbed to Embedly or vice-versa
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as the embed code they generate may be slightly different and lead to
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inconsistency on your site.
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