# Errors Applications running in Node.js will generally experience four categories of errors: - Standard JavaScript errors such as: - {EvalError} : thrown when a call to `eval()` fails. - {SyntaxError} : thrown in response to improper JavaScript language syntax. - {RangeError} : thrown when a value is not within an expected range - {ReferenceError} : thrown when using undefined variables - {TypeError} : thrown when passing arguments of the wrong type - {URIError} : thrown when a global URI handling function is misused. - System errors triggered by underlying operating system constraints such as attempting to open a file that does not exist, attempting to send data over a closed socket, etc; - And User-specified errors triggered by application code. - Assertion Errors are a special class of error that can be triggered whenever Node.js detects an exceptional logic violation that should never occur. These are raised typically by the `assert` module. All JavaScript and System errors raised by Node.js inherit from, or are instances of, the standard JavaScript {Error} class and are guaranteed to provide *at least* the properties available on that class. ## Error Propagation and Interception Node.js supports several mechanisms for propagating and handling errors that occur while an application is running. How these errors are reported and handled depends entirely on the type of Error and the style of the API that is called. All JavaScript errors are handled as exceptions that *immediately* generate and throw an error using the standard JavaScript `throw` mechanism. These are handled using the [`try / catch` construct][try-catch] provided by the JavaScript language. ```js // Throws with a ReferenceError because z is undefined try { const m = 1; const n = m + z; } catch (err) { // Handle the error here. } ``` Any use of the JavaScript `throw` mechanism will raise an exception that *must* be handled using `try / catch` or the Node.js process will exit immediately. With few exceptions, _Synchronous_ APIs (any blocking method that does not accept a `callback` function, such as [`fs.readFileSync`][]), will use `throw` to report errors. Errors that occur within _Asynchronous APIs_ may be reported in multiple ways: - Most asynchronous methods that accept a `callback` function will accept an `Error` object passed as the first argument to that function. If that first argument is not `null` and is an instance of `Error`, then an error occurred that should be handled. ```js const fs = require('fs'); fs.readFile('a file that does not exist', (err, data) => { if (err) { console.error('There was an error reading the file!', err); return; } // Otherwise handle the data }); ``` - When an asynchronous method is called on an object that is an `EventEmitter`, errors can be routed to that object's `'error'` event. ```js const net = require('net'); const connection = net.connect('localhost'); // Adding an 'error' event handler to a stream: connection.on('error', (err) => { // If the connection is reset by the server, or if it can't // connect at all, or on any sort of error encountered by // the connection, the error will be sent here. console.error(err); }); connection.pipe(process.stdout); ``` - A handful of typically asynchronous methods in the Node.js API may still use the `throw` mechanism to raise exceptions that must be handled using `try / catch`. There is no comprehensive list of such methods; please refer to the documentation of each method to determine the appropriate error handling mechanism required. The use of the `'error'` event mechanism is most common for [stream-based][] and [event emitter-based][] APIs, which themselves represent a series of asynchronous operations over time (as opposed to a single operation that may pass or fail). For *all* `EventEmitter` objects, if an `'error'` event handler is not provided, the error will be thrown, causing the Node.js process to report an unhandled exception and crash unless either: The [`domain`][domains] module is used appropriately or a handler has been registered for the [`process.on('uncaughtException')`][] event. ```js const EventEmitter = require('events'); const ee = new EventEmitter(); setImmediate(() => { // This will crash the process because no 'error' event // handler has been added. ee.emit('error', new Error('This will crash')); }); ``` Errors generated in this way *cannot* be intercepted using `try / catch` as they are thrown *after* the calling code has already exited. Developers must refer to the documentation for each method to determine exactly how errors raised by those methods are propagated. ### Node.js style callbacks Most asynchronous methods exposed by the Node.js core API follow an idiomatic pattern referred to as a "Node.js style callback". With this pattern, a callback function is passed to the method as an argument. When the operation either completes or an error is raised, the callback function is called with the Error object (if any) passed as the first argument. If no error was raised, the first argument will be passed as `null`. ```js const fs = require('fs'); function nodeStyleCallback(err, data) { if (err) { console.error('There was an error', err); return; } console.log(data); } fs.readFile('/some/file/that/does-not-exist', nodeStyleCallback); fs.readFile('/some/file/that/does-exist', nodeStyleCallback); ``` The JavaScript `try / catch` mechanism **cannot** be used to intercept errors generated by asynchronous APIs. A common mistake for beginners is to try to use `throw` inside a Node.js style callback: ```js // THIS WILL NOT WORK: const fs = require('fs'); try { fs.readFile('/some/file/that/does-not-exist', (err, data) => { // mistaken assumption: throwing here... if (err) { throw err; } }); } catch (err) { // This will not catch the throw! console.error(err); } ``` This will not work because the callback function passed to `fs.readFile()` is called asynchronously. By the time the callback has been called, the surrounding code (including the `try { } catch (err) { }` block will have already exited. Throwing an error inside the callback **can crash the Node.js process** in most cases. If [domains][] are enabled, or a handler has been registered with `process.on('uncaughtException')`, such errors can be intercepted. ## Class: Error A generic JavaScript `Error` object that does not denote any specific circumstance of why the error occurred. `Error` objects capture a "stack trace" detailing the point in the code at which the `Error` was instantiated, and may provide a text description of the error. For crypto only, `Error` objects will include the OpenSSL error stack in a separate property called `opensslErrorStack` if it is available when the error is thrown. All errors generated by Node.js, including all System and JavaScript errors, will either be instances of, or inherit from, the `Error` class. ### new Error(message) * `message` {string} Creates a new `Error` object and sets the `error.message` property to the provided text message. If an object is passed as `message`, the text message is generated by calling `message.toString()`. The `error.stack` property will represent the point in the code at which `new Error()` was called. Stack traces are dependent on [V8's stack trace API][]. Stack traces extend only to either (a) the beginning of *synchronous code execution*, or (b) the number of frames given by the property `Error.stackTraceLimit`, whichever is smaller. ### Error.captureStackTrace(targetObject[, constructorOpt]) * `targetObject` {Object} * `constructorOpt` {Function} Creates a `.stack` property on `targetObject`, which when accessed returns a string representing the location in the code at which `Error.captureStackTrace()` was called. ```js const myObject = {}; Error.captureStackTrace(myObject); myObject.stack; // similar to `new Error().stack` ``` The first line of the trace will be prefixed with `${myObject.name}: ${myObject.message}`. The optional `constructorOpt` argument accepts a function. If given, all frames above `constructorOpt`, including `constructorOpt`, will be omitted from the generated stack trace. The `constructorOpt` argument is useful for hiding implementation details of error generation from an end user. For instance: ```js function MyError() { Error.captureStackTrace(this, MyError); } // Without passing MyError to captureStackTrace, the MyError // frame would show up in the .stack property. By passing // the constructor, we omit that frame, and retain all frames below it. new MyError().stack; ``` ### Error.stackTraceLimit * {number} The `Error.stackTraceLimit` property specifies the number of stack frames collected by a stack trace (whether generated by `new Error().stack` or `Error.captureStackTrace(obj)`). The default value is `10` but may be set to any valid JavaScript number. Changes will affect any stack trace captured *after* the value has been changed. If set to a non-number value, or set to a negative number, stack traces will not capture any frames. ### error.code * {string} The `error.code` property is a string label that identifies the kind of error. See [Node.js Error Codes][] for details about specific codes. ### error.message * {string} The `error.message` property is the string description of the error as set by calling `new Error(message)`. The `message` passed to the constructor will also appear in the first line of the stack trace of the `Error`, however changing this property after the `Error` object is created *may not* change the first line of the stack trace (for example, when `error.stack` is read before this property is changed). ```js const err = new Error('The message'); console.error(err.message); // Prints: The message ``` ### error.stack * {string} The `error.stack` property is a string describing the point in the code at which the `Error` was instantiated. For example: ```txt Error: Things keep happening! at /home/gbusey/file.js:525:2 at Frobnicator.refrobulate (/home/gbusey/business-logic.js:424:21) at Actor. (/home/gbusey/actors.js:400:8) at increaseSynergy (/home/gbusey/actors.js:701:6) ``` The first line is formatted as `: `, and is followed by a series of stack frames (each line beginning with "at "). Each frame describes a call site within the code that lead to the error being generated. V8 attempts to display a name for each function (by variable name, function name, or object method name), but occasionally it will not be able to find a suitable name. If V8 cannot determine a name for the function, only location information will be displayed for that frame. Otherwise, the determined function name will be displayed with location information appended in parentheses. It is important to note that frames are **only** generated for JavaScript functions. If, for example, execution synchronously passes through a C++ addon function called `cheetahify`, which itself calls a JavaScript function, the frame representing the `cheetahify` call will **not** be present in the stack traces: ```js const cheetahify = require('./native-binding.node'); function makeFaster() { // cheetahify *synchronously* calls speedy. cheetahify(function speedy() { throw new Error('oh no!'); }); } makeFaster(); // will throw: // /home/gbusey/file.js:6 // throw new Error('oh no!'); // ^ // Error: oh no! // at speedy (/home/gbusey/file.js:6:11) // at makeFaster (/home/gbusey/file.js:5:3) // at Object. (/home/gbusey/file.js:10:1) // at Module._compile (module.js:456:26) // at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10) // at Module.load (module.js:356:32) // at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12) // at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10) // at startup (node.js:119:16) // at node.js:906:3 ``` The location information will be one of: * `native`, if the frame represents a call internal to V8 (as in `[].forEach`). * `plain-filename.js:line:column`, if the frame represents a call internal to Node.js. * `/absolute/path/to/file.js:line:column`, if the frame represents a call in a user program, or its dependencies. The string representing the stack trace is lazily generated when the `error.stack` property is **accessed**. The number of frames captured by the stack trace is bounded by the smaller of `Error.stackTraceLimit` or the number of available frames on the current event loop tick. System-level errors are generated as augmented `Error` instances, which are detailed [here](#errors_system_errors). ## Class: AssertionError A subclass of `Error` that indicates the failure of an assertion. Such errors commonly indicate inequality of actual and expected value. For example: ```js assert.strictEqual(1, 2); // AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 1 === 2 ``` ## Class: RangeError A subclass of `Error` that indicates that a provided argument was not within the set or range of acceptable values for a function; whether that is a numeric range, or outside the set of options for a given function parameter. For example: ```js require('net').connect(-1); // throws "RangeError: "port" option should be >= 0 and < 65536: -1" ``` Node.js will generate and throw `RangeError` instances *immediately* as a form of argument validation. ## Class: ReferenceError A subclass of `Error` that indicates that an attempt is being made to access a variable that is not defined. Such errors commonly indicate typos in code, or an otherwise broken program. While client code may generate and propagate these errors, in practice, only V8 will do so. ```js doesNotExist; // throws ReferenceError, doesNotExist is not a variable in this program. ``` Unless an application is dynamically generating and running code, `ReferenceError` instances should always be considered a bug in the code or its dependencies. ## Class: SyntaxError A subclass of `Error` that indicates that a program is not valid JavaScript. These errors may only be generated and propagated as a result of code evaluation. Code evaluation may happen as a result of `eval`, `Function`, `require`, or [vm][]. These errors are almost always indicative of a broken program. ```js try { require('vm').runInThisContext('binary ! isNotOk'); } catch (err) { // err will be a SyntaxError } ``` `SyntaxError` instances are unrecoverable in the context that created them – they may only be caught by other contexts. ## Class: TypeError A subclass of `Error` that indicates that a provided argument is not an allowable type. For example, passing a function to a parameter which expects a string would be considered a TypeError. ```js require('url').parse(() => { }); // throws TypeError, since it expected a string ``` Node.js will generate and throw `TypeError` instances *immediately* as a form of argument validation. ## Exceptions vs. Errors A JavaScript exception is a value that is thrown as a result of an invalid operation or as the target of a `throw` statement. While it is not required that these values are instances of `Error` or classes which inherit from `Error`, all exceptions thrown by Node.js or the JavaScript runtime *will* be instances of Error. Some exceptions are *unrecoverable* at the JavaScript layer. Such exceptions will *always* cause the Node.js process to crash. Examples include `assert()` checks or `abort()` calls in the C++ layer. ## System Errors System errors are generated when exceptions occur within the program's runtime environment. Typically, these are operational errors that occur when an application violates an operating system constraint such as attempting to read a file that does not exist or when the user does not have sufficient permissions. System errors are typically generated at the syscall level: an exhaustive list of error codes and their meanings is available by running `man 2 intro` or `man 3 errno` on most Unices; or [online][]. In Node.js, system errors are represented as augmented `Error` objects with added properties. ### Class: System Error #### error.code * {string} The `error.code` property is a string representing the error code, which is typically `E` followed by a sequence of capital letters. #### error.errno * {string|number} The `error.errno` property is a number or a string. The number is a **negative** value which corresponds to the error code defined in [`libuv Error handling`]. See uv-errno.h header file (`deps/uv/include/uv-errno.h` in the Node.js source tree) for details. In case of a string, it is the same as `error.code`. #### error.syscall * {string} The `error.syscall` property is a string describing the [syscall][] that failed. #### error.path * {string} When present (e.g. in `fs` or `child_process`), the `error.path` property is a string containing a relevant invalid pathname. #### error.address * {string} When present (e.g. in `net` or `dgram`), the `error.address` property is a string describing the address to which the connection failed. #### error.port * {number} When present (e.g. in `net` or `dgram`), the `error.port` property is a number representing the connection's port that is not available. ### Common System Errors This list is **not exhaustive**, but enumerates many of the common system errors encountered when writing a Node.js program. An exhaustive list may be found [here][online]. - `EACCES` (Permission denied): An attempt was made to access a file in a way forbidden by its file access permissions. - `EADDRINUSE` (Address already in use): An attempt to bind a server ([`net`][], [`http`][], or [`https`][]) to a local address failed due to another server on the local system already occupying that address. - `ECONNREFUSED` (Connection refused): No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it. This usually results from trying to connect to a service that is inactive on the foreign host. - `ECONNRESET` (Connection reset by peer): A connection was forcibly closed by a peer. This normally results from a loss of the connection on the remote socket due to a timeout or reboot. Commonly encountered via the [`http`][] and [`net`][] modules. - `EEXIST` (File exists): An existing file was the target of an operation that required that the target not exist. - `EISDIR` (Is a directory): An operation expected a file, but the given pathname was a directory. - `EMFILE` (Too many open files in system): Maximum number of [file descriptors][] allowable on the system has been reached, and requests for another descriptor cannot be fulfilled until at least one has been closed. This is encountered when opening many files at once in parallel, especially on systems (in particular, macOS) where there is a low file descriptor limit for processes. To remedy a low limit, run `ulimit -n 2048` in the same shell that will run the Node.js process. - `ENOENT` (No such file or directory): Commonly raised by [`fs`][] operations to indicate that a component of the specified pathname does not exist -- no entity (file or directory) could be found by the given path. - `ENOTDIR` (Not a directory): A component of the given pathname existed, but was not a directory as expected. Commonly raised by [`fs.readdir`][]. - `ENOTEMPTY` (Directory not empty): A directory with entries was the target of an operation that requires an empty directory -- usually [`fs.unlink`][]. - `EPERM` (Operation not permitted): An attempt was made to perform an operation that requires elevated privileges. - `EPIPE` (Broken pipe): A write on a pipe, socket, or FIFO for which there is no process to read the data. Commonly encountered at the [`net`][] and [`http`][] layers, indicative that the remote side of the stream being written to has been closed. - `ETIMEDOUT` (Operation timed out): A connect or send request failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time. Usually encountered by [`http`][] or [`net`][] -- often a sign that a `socket.end()` was not properly called. ## Node.js Error Codes ### ERR_ARG_NOT_ITERABLE Used generically to identify that an iterable argument (i.e. a value that works with `for...of` loops) is required, but not provided to a Node.js API. ### ERR_ASSERTION Used as special type of error that can be triggered whenever Node.js detects an exceptional logic violation that should never occur. These are raised typically by the `assert` module. ### ERR_ASYNC_CALLBACK Used with `AsyncHooks` to indicate an attempt of registering something that is not a function as a callback. ### ERR_ASYNC_TYPE Used when the type of an asynchronous resource is invalid. Note that users are also able to define their own types when using the public embedder API. ### ERR_BUFFER_OUT_OF_BOUNDS Used when attempting to perform an operation outside the bounds of a `Buffer`. ### ERR_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE Used when an attempt has been made to create a `Buffer` larger than the maximum allowed size. ### ERR_CHILD_CLOSED_BEFORE_REPLY Used when a child process is closed before the parent received a reply. ### ERR_CONSOLE_WRITABLE_STREAM Used when `Console` is instantiated without `stdout` stream or when `stdout` or `stderr` streams are not writable. ### ERR_CPU_USAGE Used when the native call from `process.cpuUsage` cannot be processed properly. ### ERR_CRYPTO_ECDH_INVALID_FORMAT Used when an invalid value for the `format` argument has been passed to the `crypto.ECDH()` class `getPublicKey()` method. ### ERR_DNS_SET_SERVERS_FAILED Used when `c-ares` failed to set the DNS server. ### ERR_ENCODING_INVALID_ENCODED_DATA Used by the `util.TextDecoder()` API when the data provided is invalid according to the encoding provided. ### ERR_ENCODING_NOT_SUPPORTED Used by the `util.TextDecoder()` API when the encoding provided is not one of the [WHATWG Supported Encodings][]. ### ERR_FALSY_VALUE_REJECTION Used by the `util.callbackify()` API when a callbackified `Promise` is rejected with a falsy value (e.g. `null`). ### ERR_HTTP_HEADERS_SENT Used when headers have already been sent and another attempt is made to add more headers. ### ERR_HTTP_INVALID_CHAR Used when an invalid character is found in an HTTP response status message (reason phrase). ### ERR_HTTP_INVALID_STATUS_CODE Used for status codes outside the regular status code ranges (100-999). ### ERR_HTTP_TRAILER_INVALID Used when the `Trailer` header is set even though the transfer encoding does not support that. ### ERR_HTTP2_CONNECT_AUTHORITY For HTTP/2 requests using the `CONNECT` method, the `:authority` pseudo-header is required. ### ERR_HTTP2_CONNECT_PATH For HTTP/2 requests using the `CONNECT` method, the `:path` pseudo-header is forbidden. ### ERR_HTTP2_CONNECT_SCHEME For HTTP/2 requests using the `CONNECT` method, the `:scheme` pseudo-header is forbidden. ### ERR_HTTP2_FRAME_ERROR Used when a failure occurs sending an individual frame on the HTTP/2 session. ### ERR_HTTP2_HEADER_REQUIRED Used when a required header is missing in an HTTP/2 message. ### ERR_HTTP2_HEADER_SINGLE_VALUE Used when multiple values have been provided for an HTTP header field that required to have only a single value. ### ERR_HTTP2_HEADERS_AFTER_RESPOND Used when trying to specify additional headers after an HTTP/2 response initiated. ### ERR_HTTP2_HEADERS_OBJECT Used when an HTTP/2 Headers Object is expected. ### ERR_HTTP2_HEADERS_SENT Used when an attempt is made to send multiple response headers. ### ERR_HTTP2_INFO_HEADERS_AFTER_RESPOND HTTP/2 Informational headers must only be sent *prior* to calling the `Http2Stream.prototype.respond()` method. ### ERR_HTTP2_INFO_STATUS_NOT_ALLOWED Informational HTTP status codes (`1xx`) may not be set as the response status code on HTTP/2 responses. ### ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_CONNECTION_HEADERS HTTP/1 connection specific headers are forbidden to be used in HTTP/2 requests and responses. ### ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_HEADER_VALUE Used to indicate that an invalid HTTP/2 header value has been specified. ### ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_INFO_STATUS An invalid HTTP informational status code has been specified. Informational status codes must be an integer between `100` and `199` (inclusive). ### ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_PACKED_SETTINGS_LENGTH Input `Buffer` and `Uint8Array` instances passed to the `http2.getUnpackedSettings()` API must have a length that is a multiple of six. ### ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_PSEUDOHEADER Only valid HTTP/2 pseudoheaders (`:status`, `:path`, `:authority`, `:scheme`, and `:method`) may be used. ### ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_SESSION Used when any action is performed on an `Http2Session` object that has already been destroyed. ### ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_SETTING_VALUE An invalid value has been specified for an HTTP/2 setting. ### ERR_HTTP2_INVALID_STREAM Used when an operation has been performed on a stream that has already been destroyed. ### ERR_HTTP2_MAX_PENDING_SETTINGS_ACK Whenever an HTTP/2 `SETTINGS` frame is sent to a connected peer, the peer is required to send an acknowledgement that it has received and applied the new SETTINGS. By default, a maximum number of un-acknowledged `SETTINGS` frame may be sent at any given time. This error code is used when that limit has been reached. ### ERR_HTTP2_NO_SOCKET_MANIPULATION Used when attempting to read, write, pause, and/or resume a socket attached to an `Http2Session`. ### ERR_HTTP2_OUT_OF_STREAMS Used when the maximum number of streams on a single HTTP/2 session have been created. ### ERR_HTTP2_PAYLOAD_FORBIDDEN Used when a message payload is specified for an HTTP response code for which a payload is forbidden. ### ERR_HTTP2_PSEUDOHEADER_NOT_ALLOWED Used to indicate that an HTTP/2 pseudo-header has been used inappropriately. Pseudo-headers are header key names that begin with the `:` prefix. ### ERR_HTTP2_PUSH_DISABLED Used when push streams have been disabled by the client but an attempt to create a push stream is made. ### ERR_HTTP2_SEND_FILE Used when an attempt is made to use the `Http2Stream.prototype.responseWithFile()` API to send a non-regular file. ### ERR_HTTP2_SOCKET_BOUND Used when an attempt is made to connect a `Http2Session` object to a `net.Socket` or `tls.TLSSocket` that has already been bound to another `Http2Session` object. ### ERR_HTTP2_STATUS_101 Use of the `101` Informational status code is forbidden in HTTP/2. ### ERR_HTTP2_STATUS_INVALID An invalid HTTP status code has been specified. Status codes must be an integer between `100` and `599` (inclusive). ### ERR_HTTP2_STREAM_CLOSED Used when an action has been performed on an HTTP/2 Stream that has already been closed. ### ERR_HTTP2_STREAM_ERROR Used when a non-zero error code has been specified in an `RST_STREAM` frame. ### ERR_HTTP2_STREAM_SELF_DEPENDENCY When setting the priority for an HTTP/2 stream, the stream may be marked as a dependency for a parent stream. This error code is used when an attempt is made to mark a stream and dependent of itself. ### ERR_HTTP2_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL Used when `http2.connect()` is passed a URL that uses any protocol other than `http:` or `https:`. ### ERR_INDEX_OUT_OF_RANGE Used when a given index is out of the accepted range (e.g. negative offsets). ### ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE Used generically to identify that an argument of the wrong type has been passed to a Node.js API. ### ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE Used generically to identify that an invalid or unsupported value has been passed for a given argument. ### ERR_INVALID_ARRAY_LENGTH Used when an Array is not of the expected length or in a valid range. ### ERR_INVALID_ASYNC_ID Used with `AsyncHooks` when an invalid `asyncId` or `triggerAsyncId` is passed. An id less than -1 should never happen. ### ERR_INVALID_BUFFER_SIZE Used when performing a swap on a `Buffer` but it's size is not compatible with the operation. ### ERR_INVALID_CALLBACK Used generically to identify that a callback function is required and has not been provided to a Node.js API. ### ERR_INVALID_CHAR Used when invalid characters are detected in headers. ### ERR_INVALID_CURSOR_POS The `'ERR_INVALID_CURSOR_POS'` is thrown specifically when a cursor on a given stream is attempted to move to a specified row without a specified column. ### ERR_INVALID_DOMAIN_NAME Used when `hostname` can not be parsed from a provided URL. ### ERR_INVALID_FD Used when a file descriptor ('fd') is not valid (e.g. it has a negative value). ### ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_HOST Used when a Node.js API that consumes `file:` URLs (such as certain functions in the [`fs`][] module) encounters a file URL with an incompatible host. Currently, this situation can only occur on Unix-like systems, where only `localhost` or an empty host is supported. ### ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_PATH Used when a Node.js API that consumes `file:` URLs (such as certain functions in the [`fs`][] module) encounters a file URL with an incompatible path. The exact semantics for determining whether a path can be used is platform-dependent. ### ERR_INVALID_HANDLE_TYPE Used when an attempt is made to send an unsupported "handle" over an IPC communication channel to a child process. See [`subprocess.send()`] and [`process.send()`] for more information. ### ERR_INVALID_HTTP_TOKEN Used when `options.method` received an invalid HTTP token. ### ERR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS Used when an IP address is not valid. ### ERR_INVALID_OPT_VALUE Used generically to identify when an invalid or unexpected value has been passed in an options object. ### ERR_INVALID_OPT_VALUE_ENCODING Used when an invalid or unknown file encoding is passed. ### ERR_INVALID_PERFORMANCE_MARK Used by the Performance Timing API (`perf_hooks`) when a performance mark is invalid. ### ERR_INVALID_PROTOCOL Used when an invalid `options.protocol` is passed. ### ERR_INVALID_REPL_EVAL_CONFIG Used when both `breakEvalOnSigint` and `eval` options are set in the REPL config, which is not supported. ### ERR_INVALID_SYNC_FORK_INPUT Used when a `Buffer`, `Uint8Array` or `string` is provided as stdio input to a synchronous fork. See the documentation for the [`child_process`](child_process.html) module for more information. ### ERR_INVALID_THIS Used generically to identify that a Node.js API function is called with an incompatible `this` value. Example: ```js const { URLSearchParams } = require('url'); const urlSearchParams = new URLSearchParams('foo=bar&baz=new'); const buf = Buffer.alloc(1); urlSearchParams.has.call(buf, 'foo'); // Throws a TypeError with code 'ERR_INVALID_THIS' ``` ### ERR_INVALID_TUPLE Used when an element in the `iterable` provided to the [WHATWG][WHATWG URL API] [`URLSearchParams` constructor][`new URLSearchParams(iterable)`] does not represent a `[name, value]` tuple – that is, if an element is not iterable, or does not consist of exactly two elements. ### ERR_INVALID_URL Used when an invalid URL is passed to the [WHATWG][WHATWG URL API] [`URL` constructor][`new URL(input)`] to be parsed. The thrown error object typically has an additional property `'input'` that contains the URL that failed to parse. ### ERR_INVALID_URL_SCHEME Used generically to signify an attempt to use a URL of an incompatible scheme (aka protocol) for a specific purpose. It is currently only used in the [WHATWG URL API][] support in the [`fs`][] module (which only accepts URLs with `'file'` scheme), but may be used in other Node.js APIs as well in the future. ### ERR_IPC_CHANNEL_CLOSED Used when an attempt is made to use an IPC communication channel that has already been closed. ### ERR_IPC_DISCONNECTED Used when an attempt is made to disconnect an already disconnected IPC communication channel between two Node.js processes. See the documentation for the [`child_process`](child_process.html) module for more information. ### ERR_IPC_ONE_PIPE Used when an attempt is made to create a child Node.js process using more than one IPC communication channel. See the documentation for the [`child_process`](child_process.html) module for more information. ### ERR_IPC_SYNC_FORK Used when an attempt is made to open an IPC communication channel with a synchronous forked Node.js process. See the documentation for the [`child_process`](child_process.html) module for more information. ### ERR_METHOD_NOT_IMPLEMENTED Used when a method is required but not implemented. ### ERR_MISSING_ARGS Used when a required argument of a Node.js API is not passed. This is only used for strict compliance with the API specification (which in some cases may accept `func(undefined)` but not `func()`). In most native Node.js APIs, `func(undefined)` and `func()` are treated identically, and the [`ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE`][] error code may be used instead. ### ERR_MULTIPLE_CALLBACK Used when a callback is called more then once. *Note*: A callback is almost always meant to only be called once as the query can either be fulfilled or rejected but not both at the same time. The latter would be possible by calling a callback more then once. ### ERR_NAPI_CONS_FUNCTION Used by the `N-API` when a constructor passed is not a function. ### ERR_NAPI_CONS_PROTOTYPE_OBJECT Used by the `N-API` when `Constructor.prototype` is not an object. ### ERR_NO_CRYPTO Used when an attempt is made to use crypto features while Node.js is not compiled with OpenSSL crypto support. ### ERR_NO_ICU Used when an attempt is made to use features that require [ICU][], while Node.js is not compiled with ICU support. ### ERR_NO_LONGER_SUPPORTED Used when a Node.js API is called in an unsupported manner. For example: `Buffer.write(string, encoding, offset[, length])` ### ERR_OUTOFMEMORY Used generically to identify that an operation caused an out of memory condition. ### ERR_PARSE_HISTORY_DATA Used by the `REPL` module when it cannot parse data from the REPL history file. ### ERR_SOCKET_ALREADY_BOUND Used when an attempt is made to bind a socket that has already been bound. ### ERR_SOCKET_BAD_PORT Used when an API function expecting a port > 0 and < 65536 receives an invalid value. ### ERR_SOCKET_BAD_TYPE Used when an API function expecting a socket type (`udp4` or `udp6`) receives an invalid value. ### ERR_SOCKET_CANNOT_SEND Used when data cannot be sent on a socket. ### ERR_SOCKET_CLOSED Used when an attempt is made to operate on an already closed socket. ### ERR_SOCKET_DGRAM_NOT_RUNNING Used when a call is made and the UDP subsystem is not running. ### ERR_STDERR_CLOSE Used when an attempt is made to close the `process.stderr` stream. By design, Node.js does not allow `stdout` or `stderr` Streams to be closed by user code. ### ERR_STDOUT_CLOSE Used when an attempt is made to close the `process.stdout` stream. By design, Node.js does not allow `stdout` or `stderr` Streams to be closed by user code. ### ERR_STREAM_WRAP Used to prevent an abort if a string decoder was set on the Socket or if in `objectMode`. Example ```js const Socket = require('net').Socket; const instance = new Socket(); instance.setEncoding('utf-8'); ``` ### ERR_TLS_CERT_ALTNAME_INVALID Used with TLS, when the hostname/IP of the peer does not match any of the subjectAltNames in its certificate. ### ERR_TLS_DH_PARAM_SIZE Used with TLS when the parameter offered for the Diffie-Hellman (`DH`) key-agreement protocol is too small. By default, the key length must be greater than or equal to 1024 bits to avoid vulnerabilities, even though it is strongly recommended to use 2048 bits or larger for stronger security. ### ERR_TLS_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT A TLS error emitted by the server whenever a TLS/SSL handshake times out. In this case, the server must also abort the connection. ### ERR_TLS_RENEGOTIATION_FAILED Used when a TLS renegotiation request has failed in a non-specific way. ### ERR_TLS_REQUIRED_SERVER_NAME Used with TLS, when calling the `server.addContext()` method without providing a hostname in the first parameter. ### ERR_TLS_SESSION_ATTACK Used when an excessive amount of TLS renegotiations is detected, which is a potential vector for denial-of-service attacks. ### ERR_TRANSFORM_ALREADY_TRANSFORMING Used in Transform streams when the stream finishes while it is still transforming. ### ERR_TRANSFORM_WITH_LENGTH_0 Used in Transform streams when the stream finishes with data still in the write buffer. ### ERR_UNESCAPED_CHARACTERS Used when a string that contains unescaped characters was received. ### ERR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING Used when an invalid or unknown encoding option is passed to an API. ### ERR_UNKNOWN_SIGNAL Used when an invalid or unknown process signal is passed to an API expecting a valid signal (such as [`subprocess.kill()`][]). ### ERR_UNKNOWN_STDIN_TYPE Used when an attempt is made to launch a Node.js process with an unknown `stdin` file type. Errors of this kind cannot *typically* be caused by errors in user code, although it is not impossible. Occurrences of this error are most likely an indication of a bug within Node.js itself. ### ERR_UNKNOWN_STREAM_TYPE Used when an attempt is made to launch a Node.js process with an unknown `stdout` or `stderr` file type. Errors of this kind cannot *typically* be caused by errors in user code, although it is not impossible. Occurrences of this error are most likely an indication of a bug within Node.js itself. ### ERR_V8BREAKITERATOR Used when the V8 BreakIterator API is used but the full ICU data set is not installed. ### ERR_VALID_PERFORMANCE_ENTRY_TYPE Used by the Performance Timing API (`perf_hooks`) when no valid performance entry types were found. ### ERR_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE Used when a given value is out of the accepted range. ### ERR_ZLIB_BINDING_CLOSED Used when an attempt is made to use a `zlib` object after it has already been closed. [`ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE`]: #ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE [`subprocess.kill()`]: child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal [`subprocess.send()`]: child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_send_message_sendhandle_options_callback [`fs.readFileSync`]: fs.html#fs_fs_readfilesync_path_options [`fs.readdir`]: fs.html#fs_fs_readdir_path_options_callback [`fs.unlink`]: fs.html#fs_fs_unlink_path_callback [`fs`]: fs.html [`http`]: http.html [`https`]: https.html [`libuv Error handling`]: http://docs.libuv.org/en/v1.x/errors.html [`net`]: net.html [`new URL(input)`]: url.html#url_constructor_new_url_input_base [`new URLSearchParams(iterable)`]: url.html#url_constructor_new_urlsearchparams_iterable [`process.on('uncaughtException')`]: process.html#process_event_uncaughtexception [`process.send()`]: process.html#process_process_send_message_sendhandle_options_callback [Node.js Error Codes]: #nodejs-error-codes [V8's stack trace API]: https://github.com/v8/v8/wiki/Stack-Trace-API [WHATWG URL API]: url.html#url_the_whatwg_url_api [domains]: domain.html [event emitter-based]: events.html#events_class_eventemitter [file descriptors]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_descriptor [ICU]: intl.html#intl_internationalization_support [online]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/errno.3.html [stream-based]: stream.html [syscall]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/syscall.2.html [try-catch]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/try...catch [vm]: vm.html [WHATWG Supported Encodings]: util.html#util_whatwg_supported_encodings