diff --git a/lib/fs.js b/lib/fs.js
index 2119554c0e7..570f014dcb5 100644
--- a/lib/fs.js
+++ b/lib/fs.js
@@ -1546,7 +1546,8 @@ function lstat(path, options = { bigint: false }, callback) {
   callback = makeStatsCallback(callback);
   path = getValidatedPath(path);
   if (permission.isEnabled() && !permission.has('fs.read', path)) {
-    callback(new ERR_ACCESS_DENIED('Access to this API has been restricted', 'FileSystemRead', path));
+    const resource = BufferIsBuffer(path) ? BufferToString(path) : path;
+    callback(new ERR_ACCESS_DENIED('Access to this API has been restricted', 'FileSystemRead', resource));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -1623,7 +1624,8 @@ function fstatSync(fd, options = { bigint: false }) {
 function lstatSync(path, options = { bigint: false, throwIfNoEntry: true }) {
   path = getValidatedPath(path);
   if (permission.isEnabled() && !permission.has('fs.read', path)) {
-    throw new ERR_ACCESS_DENIED('Access to this API has been restricted', 'FileSystemRead', path);
+    const resource = BufferIsBuffer(path) ? BufferToString(path) : path;
+    throw new ERR_ACCESS_DENIED('Access to this API has been restricted', 'FileSystemRead', resource);
   }
   const stats = binding.lstat(
     getValidatedPath(path),
diff --git a/lib/internal/process/permission.js b/lib/internal/process/permission.js
index f0d5f2b180b..7a6dd80d1d0 100644
--- a/lib/internal/process/permission.js
+++ b/lib/internal/process/permission.js
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ const {
 } = primordials;
 
 const permission = internalBinding('permission');
-const { validateString } = require('internal/validators');
+const { validateString, validateBuffer } = require('internal/validators');
+const { Buffer } = require('buffer');
+const { isBuffer } = Buffer;
 
 let experimentalPermission;
 
@@ -22,7 +24,11 @@ module.exports = ObjectFreeze({
     validateString(scope, 'scope');
     if (reference != null) {
       // TODO: add support for WHATWG URLs and Uint8Arrays.
-      validateString(reference, 'reference');
+      if (isBuffer(reference)) {
+        validateBuffer(reference, 'reference');
+      } else {
+        validateString(reference, 'reference');
+      }
     }
 
     return permission.has(scope, reference);
diff --git a/test/fixtures/permission/fs-read.js b/test/fixtures/permission/fs-read.js
index 0ce7d65b21b..29594ca8b5d 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/permission/fs-read.js
+++ b/test/fixtures/permission/fs-read.js
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
 
 const blockedFile = process.env.BLOCKEDFILE;
+const bufferBlockedFile = Buffer.from(process.env.BLOCKEDFILE);
 const blockedFileURL = new URL('file://' + process.env.BLOCKEDFILE);
 const blockedFolder = process.env.BLOCKEDFOLDER;
 const allowedFolder = process.env.ALLOWEDFOLDER;
@@ -408,6 +409,11 @@ const regularFile = __filename;
   }, common.expectsError({
     code: 'ERR_ACCESS_DENIED',
   }));
+  assert.throws(() => {
+    fs.lstatSync(bufferBlockedFile);
+  }, common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_ACCESS_DENIED',
+  }));
 
   // doesNotThrow
   fs.lstat(regularFile, (err) => {
diff --git a/test/fixtures/permission/fs-traversal.js b/test/fixtures/permission/fs-traversal.js
index 8f2e4c0fd55..764ae669252 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/permission/fs-traversal.js
+++ b/test/fixtures/permission/fs-traversal.js
@@ -69,6 +69,16 @@ const uint8ArrayTraversalPath = new TextEncoder().encode(traversalPath);
   }));
 }
 
+{
+  fs.lstat(bufferTraversalPath, common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_ACCESS_DENIED',
+    permission: 'FileSystemRead',
+    // lstat checks and throw on JS side.
+    // resource is only resolved on C++ (is_granted)
+    resource: bufferTraversalPath.toString(),
+  }));
+}
+
 {
   fs.readFile(uint8ArrayTraversalPath, common.expectsError({
     code: 'ERR_ACCESS_DENIED',
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-permission-has.js b/test/parallel/test-permission-has.js
index f0fb582959f..3be45c5b2a4 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-permission-has.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-permission-has.js
@@ -21,3 +21,7 @@ const assert = require('assert');
     message: 'The "reference" argument must be of type string. Received an instance of Object',
   }));
 }
+
+{
+  assert.ok(!process.permission.has('FileSystemWrite', Buffer.from('reference')));
+}