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4a954cfd11
This patch does not remove all occurrences of the words in question. Rather, I went through all of the occurrences of the words listed below, and judged if they a) suggested the reader had some kind of knowledge/experience, and b) if they added anything of value (including tone of voice, etc). I left most of the words alone. I looked at the following words: - simply/simple - easy/easier/easiest - obvious - just - merely - straightforward - ridiculous Thanks to Carlton Gibson for guidance on how to approach this issue, and to Tim Bell for providing the idea. But the enormous lion's share of thanks go to Adam Johnson for his patient and helpful review.
295 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
295 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
===================================================
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``TemplateResponse`` and ``SimpleTemplateResponse``
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===================================================
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.. module:: django.template.response
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:synopsis: Classes dealing with lazy-rendered HTTP responses.
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Standard :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` objects are static structures.
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They are provided with a block of pre-rendered content at time of
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construction, and while that content can be modified, it isn't in a form that
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makes it easy to perform modifications.
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However, it can sometimes be beneficial to allow decorators or
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middleware to modify a response *after* it has been constructed by the
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view. For example, you may want to change the template that is used,
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or put additional data into the context.
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TemplateResponse provides a way to do just that. Unlike basic
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:class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` objects, TemplateResponse objects retain
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the details of the template and context that was provided by the view to
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compute the response. The final output of the response is not computed until
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it is needed, later in the response process.
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``SimpleTemplateResponse`` objects
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==================================
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.. class:: SimpleTemplateResponse()
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Attributes
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----------
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.. attribute:: SimpleTemplateResponse.template_name
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The name of the template to be rendered. Accepts a backend-dependent
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template object (such as those returned by
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:func:`~django.template.loader.get_template()`), the name of a template,
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or a list of template names.
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Example: ``['foo.html', 'path/to/bar.html']``
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.. attribute:: SimpleTemplateResponse.context_data
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The context data to be used when rendering the template. It must be a
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:class:`dict`.
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Example: ``{'foo': 123}``
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.. attribute:: SimpleTemplateResponse.rendered_content
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The current rendered value of the response content, using the current
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template and context data.
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.. attribute:: SimpleTemplateResponse.is_rendered
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A boolean indicating whether the response content has been rendered.
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Methods
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-------
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.. method:: SimpleTemplateResponse.__init__(template, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, charset=None, using=None)
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Instantiates a :class:`~django.template.response.SimpleTemplateResponse`
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object with the given template, context, content type, HTTP status, and
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charset.
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``template``
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A backend-dependent template object (such as those returned by
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:func:`~django.template.loader.get_template()`), the name of a template,
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or a list of template names.
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``context``
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A :class:`dict` of values to add to the template context. By default,
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this is an empty dictionary.
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``content_type``
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The value included in the HTTP ``Content-Type`` header, including the
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MIME type specification and the character set encoding. If
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``content_type`` is specified, then its value is used. Otherwise,
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``'text/html'`` is used.
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``status``
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The HTTP status code for the response.
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``charset``
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The charset in which the response will be encoded. If not given it will
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be extracted from ``content_type``, and if that is unsuccessful, the
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:setting:`DEFAULT_CHARSET` setting will be used.
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``using``
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The :setting:`NAME <TEMPLATES-NAME>` of a template engine to use for
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loading the template.
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.. method:: SimpleTemplateResponse.resolve_context(context)
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Preprocesses context data that will be used for rendering a template.
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Accepts a :class:`dict` of context data. By default, returns the same
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:class:`dict`.
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Override this method in order to customize the context.
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.. method:: SimpleTemplateResponse.resolve_template(template)
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Resolves the template instance to use for rendering. Accepts a
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backend-dependent template object (such as those returned by
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:func:`~django.template.loader.get_template()`), the name of a template,
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or a list of template names.
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Returns the backend-dependent template object instance to be rendered.
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Override this method in order to customize template loading.
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.. method:: SimpleTemplateResponse.add_post_render_callback()
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Add a callback that will be invoked after rendering has taken
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place. This hook can be used to defer certain processing
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operations (such as caching) until after rendering has occurred.
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If the :class:`~django.template.response.SimpleTemplateResponse`
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has already been rendered, the callback will be invoked
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immediately.
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When called, callbacks will be passed a single argument -- the
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rendered :class:`~django.template.response.SimpleTemplateResponse`
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instance.
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If the callback returns a value that is not ``None``, this will be
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used as the response instead of the original response object (and
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will be passed to the next post rendering callback etc.)
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.. method:: SimpleTemplateResponse.render()
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Sets ``response.content`` to the result obtained by
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:attr:`SimpleTemplateResponse.rendered_content`, runs all post-rendering
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callbacks, and returns the resulting response object.
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``render()`` will only have an effect the first time it is called. On
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subsequent calls, it will return the result obtained from the first call.
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``TemplateResponse`` objects
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============================
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.. class:: TemplateResponse()
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``TemplateResponse`` is a subclass of
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:class:`~django.template.response.SimpleTemplateResponse` that knows about
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the current :class:`~django.http.HttpRequest`.
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Methods
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-------
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.. method:: TemplateResponse.__init__(request, template, context=None, content_type=None, status=None, charset=None, using=None)
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Instantiates a :class:`~django.template.response.TemplateResponse` object
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with the given request, template, context, content type, HTTP status, and
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charset.
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``request``
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An :class:`~django.http.HttpRequest` instance.
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``template``
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A backend-dependent template object (such as those returned by
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:func:`~django.template.loader.get_template()`), the name of a template,
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or a list of template names.
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``context``
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A :class:`dict` of values to add to the template context. By default,
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this is an empty dictionary.
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``content_type``
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The value included in the HTTP ``Content-Type`` header, including the
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MIME type specification and the character set encoding. If
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``content_type`` is specified, then its value is used. Otherwise,
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``'text/html'`` is used.
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``status``
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The HTTP status code for the response.
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``charset``
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The charset in which the response will be encoded. If not given it will
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be extracted from ``content_type``, and if that is unsuccessful, the
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:setting:`DEFAULT_CHARSET` setting will be used.
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``using``
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The :setting:`NAME <TEMPLATES-NAME>` of a template engine to use for
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loading the template.
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The rendering process
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=====================
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Before a :class:`~django.template.response.TemplateResponse` instance can be
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returned to the client, it must be rendered. The rendering process takes the
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intermediate representation of template and context, and turns it into the
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final byte stream that can be served to the client.
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There are three circumstances under which a ``TemplateResponse`` will be
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rendered:
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* When the ``TemplateResponse`` instance is explicitly rendered, using
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the :meth:`SimpleTemplateResponse.render()` method.
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* When the content of the response is explicitly set by assigning
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``response.content``.
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* After passing through template response middleware, but before
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passing through response middleware.
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A ``TemplateResponse`` can only be rendered once. The first call to
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:meth:`SimpleTemplateResponse.render` sets the content of the response;
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subsequent rendering calls do not change the response content.
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However, when ``response.content`` is explicitly assigned, the
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change is always applied. If you want to force the content to be
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re-rendered, you can re-evaluate the rendered content, and assign
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the content of the response manually::
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# Set up a rendered TemplateResponse
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>>> from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
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>>> t = TemplateResponse(request, 'original.html', {})
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>>> t.render()
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>>> print(t.content)
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Original content
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# Re-rendering doesn't change content
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>>> t.template_name = 'new.html'
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>>> t.render()
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>>> print(t.content)
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Original content
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# Assigning content does change, no render() call required
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>>> t.content = t.rendered_content
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>>> print(t.content)
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New content
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Post-render callbacks
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---------------------
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Some operations -- such as caching -- cannot be performed on an
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unrendered template. They must be performed on a fully complete and
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rendered response.
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If you're using middleware, you can do that. Middleware provides
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multiple opportunities to process a response on exit from a view. If
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you put behavior in the response middleware, it's guaranteed to execute
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after template rendering has taken place.
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However, if you're using a decorator, the same opportunities do not
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exist. Any behavior defined in a decorator is handled immediately.
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To compensate for this (and any other analogous use cases),
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:class:`TemplateResponse` allows you to register callbacks that will
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be invoked when rendering has completed. Using this callback, you can
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defer critical processing until a point where you can guarantee that
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rendered content will be available.
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To define a post-render callback, define a function that takes
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a single argument -- response -- and register that function with
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the template response::
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from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
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def my_render_callback(response):
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# Do content-sensitive processing
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do_post_processing()
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def my_view(request):
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# Create a response
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response = TemplateResponse(request, 'mytemplate.html', {})
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# Register the callback
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response.add_post_render_callback(my_render_callback)
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# Return the response
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return response
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``my_render_callback()`` will be invoked after the ``mytemplate.html``
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has been rendered, and will be provided the fully rendered
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:class:`TemplateResponse` instance as an argument.
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If the template has already been rendered, the callback will be
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invoked immediately.
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Using ``TemplateResponse`` and ``SimpleTemplateResponse``
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=========================================================
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A :class:`TemplateResponse` object can be used anywhere that a normal
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:class:`django.http.HttpResponse` can be used. It can also be used as an
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alternative to calling :func:`~django.shortcuts.render()`.
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For example, the following view returns a :class:`TemplateResponse` with a
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template and a context containing a queryset::
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from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
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def blog_index(request):
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return TemplateResponse(request, 'entry_list.html', {'entries': Entry.objects.all()})
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