mirror of
https://github.com/django/django.git
synced 2024-11-28 10:48:32 +01:00
219 lines
9.0 KiB
Plaintext
219 lines
9.0 KiB
Plaintext
FAQ: General
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
Why does this project exist?
|
|
----------------------------
|
|
|
|
Django grew from a very practical need: World Online, a newspaper Web
|
|
operation, is responsible for building intensive Web applications on journalism
|
|
deadlines. In the fast-paced newsroom, World Online often has only a matter of
|
|
hours to take a complicated Web application from concept to public launch.
|
|
|
|
At the same time, the World Online Web developers have consistently been
|
|
perfectionists when it comes to following best practices of Web development.
|
|
|
|
In fall 2003, the World Online developers (Adrian Holovaty and Simon Willison)
|
|
ditched PHP and began using Python to develop its websites. As they built
|
|
intensive, richly interactive sites such as Lawrence.com, they began to extract
|
|
a generic Web development framework that let them build Web applications more
|
|
and more quickly. They tweaked this framework constantly, adding improvements
|
|
over two years.
|
|
|
|
In summer 2005, World Online decided to open-source the resulting software,
|
|
Django. Django would not be possible without a whole host of open-source
|
|
projects -- `Apache`_, `Python`_, and `PostgreSQL`_ to name a few -- and we're
|
|
thrilled to be able to give something back to the open-source community.
|
|
|
|
.. _Apache: http://httpd.apache.org/
|
|
.. _Python: https://www.python.org/
|
|
.. _PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/
|
|
|
|
What does "Django" mean, and how do you pronounce it?
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Django is named after `Django Reinhardt`_, a gypsy jazz guitarist from the 1930s
|
|
to early 1950s. To this day, he's considered one of the best guitarists of all time.
|
|
|
|
Listen to his music. You'll like it.
|
|
|
|
Django is pronounced **JANG**-oh. Rhymes with FANG-oh. The "D" is silent.
|
|
|
|
We've also recorded an `audio clip of the pronunciation`_.
|
|
|
|
.. _Django Reinhardt: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Reinhardt
|
|
.. _audio clip of the pronunciation: http://red-bean.com/~adrian/django_pronunciation.mp3
|
|
|
|
Is Django stable?
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
Yes, it's quite stable. Companies like Disqus, Instagram, Pinterest, and
|
|
Mozilla have been using Django for many years. Sites built on Django have
|
|
weathered traffic spikes of over 50 thousand hits per second.
|
|
|
|
Does Django scale?
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
Yes. Compared to development time, hardware is cheap, and so Django is
|
|
designed to take advantage of as much hardware as you can throw at it.
|
|
|
|
Django uses a "shared-nothing" architecture, which means you can add hardware
|
|
at any level -- database servers, caching servers or Web/application servers.
|
|
|
|
The framework cleanly separates components such as its database layer and
|
|
application layer. And it ships with a simple-yet-powerful
|
|
:doc:`cache framework </topics/cache>`.
|
|
|
|
Who's behind this?
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
Django was originally developed at World Online, the Web department of a
|
|
newspaper in Lawrence, Kansas, USA. Django's now run by an international
|
|
:doc:`team of volunteers </internals/team>`.
|
|
|
|
Which sites use Django?
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
`DjangoSites.org`_ features a constantly growing list of Django-powered sites.
|
|
|
|
.. _DjangoSites.org: http://djangosites.org
|
|
|
|
.. _faq-mtv:
|
|
|
|
Django appears to be a MVC framework, but you call the Controller the "view", and the View the "template". How come you don't use the standard names?
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Well, the standard names are debatable.
|
|
|
|
In our interpretation of MVC, the "view" describes the data that gets presented
|
|
to the user. It's not necessarily *how* the data *looks*, but *which* data is
|
|
presented. The view describes *which data you see*, not *how you see it.* It's
|
|
a subtle distinction.
|
|
|
|
So, in our case, a "view" is the Python callback function for a particular URL,
|
|
because that callback function describes which data is presented.
|
|
|
|
Furthermore, it's sensible to separate content from presentation -- which is
|
|
where templates come in. In Django, a "view" describes which data is presented,
|
|
but a view normally delegates to a template, which describes *how* the data is
|
|
presented.
|
|
|
|
Where does the "controller" fit in, then? In Django's case, it's probably the
|
|
framework itself: the machinery that sends a request to the appropriate view,
|
|
according to the Django URL configuration.
|
|
|
|
If you're hungry for acronyms, you might say that Django is a "MTV" framework
|
|
-- that is, "model", "template", and "view." That breakdown makes much more
|
|
sense.
|
|
|
|
At the end of the day, of course, it comes down to getting stuff done. And,
|
|
regardless of how things are named, Django gets stuff done in a way that's most
|
|
logical to us.
|
|
|
|
<Framework X> does <feature Y> -- why doesn't Django?
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
We're well aware that there are other awesome Web frameworks out there, and
|
|
we're not averse to borrowing ideas where appropriate. However, Django was
|
|
developed precisely because we were unhappy with the status quo, so please be
|
|
aware that "because <Framework X> does it" is not going to be sufficient reason
|
|
to add a given feature to Django.
|
|
|
|
Why did you write all of Django from scratch, instead of using other Python libraries?
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
When Django was originally written a couple of years ago, Adrian and Simon
|
|
spent quite a bit of time exploring the various Python Web frameworks
|
|
available.
|
|
|
|
In our opinion, none of them were completely up to snuff.
|
|
|
|
We're picky. You might even call us perfectionists. (With deadlines.)
|
|
|
|
Over time, we stumbled across open-source libraries that did things we'd
|
|
already implemented. It was reassuring to see other people solving similar
|
|
problems in similar ways, but it was too late to integrate outside code: We'd
|
|
already written, tested and implemented our own framework bits in several
|
|
production settings -- and our own code met our needs delightfully.
|
|
|
|
In most cases, however, we found that existing frameworks/tools inevitably had
|
|
some sort of fundamental, fatal flaw that made us squeamish. No tool fit our
|
|
philosophies 100%.
|
|
|
|
Like we said: We're picky.
|
|
|
|
We've documented our philosophies on the
|
|
:doc:`design philosophies page </misc/design-philosophies>`.
|
|
|
|
Is Django a content-management-system (CMS)?
|
|
--------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
No, Django is not a CMS, or any sort of "turnkey product" in and of itself.
|
|
It's a Web framework; it's a programming tool that lets you build websites.
|
|
|
|
For example, it doesn't make much sense to compare Django to something like
|
|
Drupal_, because Django is something you use to *create* things like Drupal.
|
|
|
|
Of course, Django's automatic admin site is fantastic and timesaving -- but
|
|
the admin site is one module of Django the framework. Furthermore, although
|
|
Django has special conveniences for building "CMS-y" apps, that doesn't mean
|
|
it's not just as appropriate for building "non-CMS-y" apps (whatever that
|
|
means!).
|
|
|
|
.. _Drupal: https://drupal.org/
|
|
|
|
How can I download the Django documentation to read it offline?
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The Django docs are available in the ``docs`` directory of each Django tarball
|
|
release. These docs are in reST (reStructuredText) format, and each text file
|
|
corresponds to a Web page on the official Django site.
|
|
|
|
Because the documentation is `stored in revision control`_, you can browse
|
|
documentation changes just like you can browse code changes.
|
|
|
|
Technically, the docs on Django's site are generated from the latest development
|
|
versions of those reST documents, so the docs on the Django site may offer more
|
|
information than the docs that come with the latest Django release.
|
|
|
|
.. _stored in revision control: https://github.com/django/django/tree/master/docs/
|
|
|
|
Where can I find Django developers for hire?
|
|
--------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Consult our `developers for hire page`_ for a list of Django developers who
|
|
would be happy to help you.
|
|
|
|
You might also be interested in posting a job to https://djangogigs.com/ .
|
|
If you want to find Django-capable people in your local area, try
|
|
https://people.djangoproject.com/ .
|
|
|
|
.. _developers for hire page: https://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/DevelopersForHire
|
|
|
|
How do I cite Django?
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
It's difficult to give an official citation format, for two reasons: citation
|
|
formats can vary wildly between publications, and citation standards for
|
|
software are still a matter of some debate.
|
|
|
|
For example, `APA style`_, would dictate something like::
|
|
|
|
Django (Version 1.5) [Computer Software]. (2013). Retrieved from https://djangoproject.com.
|
|
|
|
However, the only true guide is what your publisher will accept, so get a copy
|
|
of those guidelines and fill in the gaps as best you can.
|
|
|
|
If your referencing style guide requires a publisher name, use "Django Software
|
|
Foundation".
|
|
|
|
If you need a publishing location, use "Lawrence, Kansas".
|
|
|
|
If you need a web address, use https://djangoproject.com.
|
|
|
|
If you need a name, just use "Django", without any tagline.
|
|
|
|
If you need a publication date, use the year of release of the version you're
|
|
referencing (e.g., 2013 for v1.5)
|
|
|
|
.. _APA style: http://www.apastyle.org
|