2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
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=====================================
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2006-12-18 04:59:45 +01:00
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Cross Site Request Forgery protection
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2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
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=====================================
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2009-10-27 01:36:34 +01:00
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.. module:: django.middleware.csrf
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2008-08-24 00:25:40 +02:00
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:synopsis: Protects against Cross Site Request Forgeries
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Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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The CSRF middleware and template tag provides easy-to-use protection against
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2009-03-24 00:02:46 +01:00
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`Cross Site Request Forgeries`_. This type of attack occurs when a malicious
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2015-11-15 13:05:15 +01:00
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website contains a link, a form button or some JavaScript that is intended to
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perform some action on your website, using the credentials of a logged-in user
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Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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who visits the malicious site in their browser. A related type of attack,
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'login CSRF', where an attacking site tricks a user's browser into logging into
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a site with someone else's credentials, is also covered.
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2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
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2011-05-10 01:45:54 +02:00
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The first defense against CSRF attacks is to ensure that GET requests (and other
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2011-09-04 23:17:30 +02:00
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'safe' methods, as defined by 9.1.1 Safe Methods, HTTP 1.1,
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:rfc:`2616#section-9.1.1`) are side-effect free. Requests via 'unsafe' methods,
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such as POST, PUT and DELETE, can then be protected by following the steps
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below.
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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2015-11-29 17:29:46 +01:00
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.. _Cross Site Request Forgeries: https://www.squarefree.com/securitytips/web-developers.html#CSRF
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2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
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2011-06-10 17:14:36 +02:00
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.. _using-csrf:
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2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
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How to use it
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=============
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2006-12-18 04:59:45 +01:00
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2014-10-31 23:39:46 +01:00
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To take advantage of CSRF protection in your views, follow these steps:
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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2014-10-31 23:39:46 +01:00
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1. The CSRF middleware is activated by default in the
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:setting:`MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES` setting. If you override that setting, remember
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that ``'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware'`` should come before any
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view middleware that assume that CSRF attacks have been dealt with.
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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2014-10-31 23:39:46 +01:00
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If you disabled it, which is not recommended, you can use
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2011-10-14 02:12:01 +02:00
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:func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.csrf_protect` on particular views
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you want to protect (see below).
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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2011-10-14 02:12:01 +02:00
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2. In any template that uses a POST form, use the :ttag:`csrf_token` tag inside
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the ``<form>`` element if the form is for an internal URL, e.g.::
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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2016-01-21 16:54:13 +01:00
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<form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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2011-10-14 02:12:01 +02:00
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This should not be done for POST forms that target external URLs, since
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that would cause the CSRF token to be leaked, leading to a vulnerability.
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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2015-12-22 16:21:24 +01:00
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3. In the corresponding view functions, ensure that
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:class:`~django.template.RequestContext` is used to render the response so
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that ``{% csrf_token %}`` will work properly. If you're using the
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:func:`~django.shortcuts.render` function, generic views, or contrib apps,
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you are covered already since these all use ``RequestContext``.
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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2011-02-22 12:27:58 +01:00
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.. _csrf-ajax:
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2011-02-09 03:06:27 +01:00
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AJAX
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----
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While the above method can be used for AJAX POST requests, it has some
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inconveniences: you have to remember to pass the CSRF token in as POST data with
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every POST request. For this reason, there is an alternative method: on each
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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XMLHttpRequest, set a custom ``X-CSRFToken`` header to the value of the CSRF
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2015-04-30 21:39:29 +02:00
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token. This is often easier, because many JavaScript frameworks provide hooks
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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that allow headers to be set on every request.
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As a first step, you must get the CSRF token itself. The recommended source for
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the token is the ``csrftoken`` cookie, which will be set if you've enabled CSRF
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protection for your views as outlined above.
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.. note::
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The CSRF token cookie is named ``csrftoken`` by default, but you can control
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the cookie name via the :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_NAME` setting.
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2015-02-21 22:57:02 +01:00
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The CSRF header name is ``HTTP_X_CSRFTOKEN`` by default, but you can
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customize it using the :setting:`CSRF_HEADER_NAME` setting.
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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Acquiring the token is straightforward:
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2011-02-09 03:06:27 +01:00
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.. code-block:: javascript
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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// using jQuery
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function getCookie(name) {
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var cookieValue = null;
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if (document.cookie && document.cookie != '') {
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var cookies = document.cookie.split(';');
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for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
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var cookie = jQuery.trim(cookies[i]);
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// Does this cookie string begin with the name we want?
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if (cookie.substring(0, name.length + 1) == (name + '=')) {
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cookieValue = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(name.length + 1));
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break;
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2011-02-09 03:06:27 +01:00
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}
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}
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2011-05-09 21:06:57 +02:00
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}
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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return cookieValue;
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}
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var csrftoken = getCookie('csrftoken');
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2015-08-19 14:29:02 +02:00
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The above code could be simplified by using the `JavaScript Cookie library
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<https://github.com/js-cookie/js-cookie/>`_ to replace ``getCookie``:
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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.. code-block:: javascript
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2015-08-19 14:29:02 +02:00
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var csrftoken = Cookies.get('csrftoken');
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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.. note::
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The CSRF token is also present in the DOM, but only if explicitly included
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using :ttag:`csrf_token` in a template. The cookie contains the canonical
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token; the ``CsrfViewMiddleware`` will prefer the cookie to the token in
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the DOM. Regardless, you're guaranteed to have the cookie if the token is
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present in the DOM, so you should use the cookie!
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2011-05-09 21:06:57 +02:00
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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.. warning::
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If your view is not rendering a template containing the :ttag:`csrf_token`
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template tag, Django might not set the CSRF token cookie. This is common in
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cases where forms are dynamically added to the page. To address this case,
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Django provides a view decorator which forces setting of the cookie:
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:func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.ensure_csrf_cookie`.
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Finally, you'll have to actually set the header on your AJAX request, while
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2014-06-18 20:55:49 +02:00
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protecting the CSRF token from being sent to other domains using
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2015-11-29 17:29:46 +01:00
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`settings.crossDomain <https://api.jquery.com/jQuery.ajax>`_ in jQuery 1.5.1 and
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2014-06-18 20:55:49 +02:00
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newer:
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2011-02-09 03:06:27 +01:00
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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.. code-block:: javascript
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function csrfSafeMethod(method) {
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// these HTTP methods do not require CSRF protection
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return (/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/.test(method));
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}
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$.ajaxSetup({
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beforeSend: function(xhr, settings) {
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2014-06-18 20:35:38 +02:00
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if (!csrfSafeMethod(settings.type) && !this.crossDomain) {
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2012-09-01 12:01:36 +02:00
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xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", csrftoken);
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}
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}
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});
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2016-01-14 15:04:38 +01:00
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If you're using AngularJS 1.1.3 and newer, it's sufficient to configure the
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``$http`` provider with the cookie and header names:
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.. code-block:: javascript
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$http.defaults.xsrfCookieName = 'csrftoken';
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$http.defaults.xsrfHeaderName = 'X-CSRFToken';
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2011-12-30 15:55:44 +01:00
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Other template engines
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----------------------
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|
When using a different template engine than Django's built-in engine, you can
|
2011-12-30 21:36:54 +01:00
|
|
|
set the token in your forms manually after making sure it's available in the
|
|
|
|
template context.
|
2011-12-30 15:55:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2014-09-21 17:30:18 +02:00
|
|
|
For example, in the Jinja2 template language, your form could contain the
|
2011-12-30 21:36:54 +01:00
|
|
|
following:
|
2011-12-30 15:55:44 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div style="display:none">
|
2014-09-21 17:30:18 +02:00
|
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="{{ csrf_token }}">
|
2011-12-30 15:55:44 +01:00
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
2011-12-30 21:36:54 +01:00
|
|
|
You can use JavaScript similar to the :ref:`AJAX code <csrf-ajax>` above to get
|
2011-12-30 15:55:44 +01:00
|
|
|
the value of the CSRF token.
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-03 15:40:37 +01:00
|
|
|
The decorator method
|
|
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
|
2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
|
|
|
.. module:: django.views.decorators.csrf
|
|
|
|
|
2009-11-03 15:40:37 +01:00
|
|
|
Rather than adding ``CsrfViewMiddleware`` as a blanket protection, you can use
|
|
|
|
the ``csrf_protect`` decorator, which has exactly the same functionality, on
|
2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
|
|
|
particular views that need the protection. It must be used **both** on views
|
2009-11-03 15:40:37 +01:00
|
|
|
that insert the CSRF token in the output, and on those that accept the POST form
|
2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
|
|
|
data. (These are often the same view function, but not always).
|
2009-11-03 15:40:37 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
|
|
|
Use of the decorator by itself is **not recommended**, since if you forget to
|
|
|
|
use it, you will have a security hole. The 'belt and braces' strategy of using
|
|
|
|
both is fine, and will incur minimal overhead.
|
2009-11-03 15:40:37 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
|
|
|
.. function:: csrf_protect(view)
|
2009-11-03 15:40:37 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
|
|
|
Decorator that provides the protection of ``CsrfViewMiddleware`` to a view.
|
2009-11-03 15:40:37 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
|
|
|
Usage::
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_protect
|
|
|
|
from django.shortcuts import render
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@csrf_protect
|
|
|
|
def my_view(request):
|
|
|
|
c = {}
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
|
|
return render(request, "a_template.html", c)
|
2008-12-08 05:15:19 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2014-11-15 13:15:56 +01:00
|
|
|
If you are using class-based views, you can refer to
|
|
|
|
:ref:`Decorating class-based views<decorating-class-based-views>`.
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
Rejected requests
|
|
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By default, a '403 Forbidden' response is sent to the user if an incoming
|
|
|
|
request fails the checks performed by ``CsrfViewMiddleware``. This should
|
|
|
|
usually only be seen when there is a genuine Cross Site Request Forgery, or
|
|
|
|
when, due to a programming error, the CSRF token has not been included with a
|
|
|
|
POST form.
|
2009-02-07 18:47:02 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2011-04-20 13:39:10 +02:00
|
|
|
The error page, however, is not very friendly, so you may want to provide your
|
|
|
|
own view for handling this condition. To do this, simply set the
|
2011-05-10 01:00:10 +02:00
|
|
|
:setting:`CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW` setting.
|
2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2011-06-10 17:14:36 +02:00
|
|
|
.. _how-csrf-works:
|
|
|
|
|
2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
|
|
|
How it works
|
|
|
|
============
|
2006-12-18 04:59:45 +01:00
|
|
|
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
The CSRF protection is based on the following things:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. A CSRF cookie that is set to a random value (a session independent nonce, as
|
|
|
|
it is called), which other sites will not have access to.
|
2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
This cookie is set by ``CsrfViewMiddleware``. It is meant to be permanent,
|
|
|
|
but since there is no way to set a cookie that never expires, it is sent with
|
2009-10-27 01:36:34 +01:00
|
|
|
every response that has called ``django.middleware.csrf.get_token()``
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
(the function used internally to retrieve the CSRF token).
|
2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
2. A hidden form field with the name 'csrfmiddlewaretoken' present in all
|
|
|
|
outgoing POST forms. The value of this field is the value of the CSRF
|
|
|
|
cookie.
|
2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2011-03-30 19:34:26 +02:00
|
|
|
This part is done by the template tag.
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2011-05-10 01:45:54 +02:00
|
|
|
3. For all incoming requests that are not using HTTP GET, HEAD, OPTIONS or
|
|
|
|
TRACE, a CSRF cookie must be present, and the 'csrfmiddlewaretoken' field
|
|
|
|
must be present and correct. If it isn't, the user will get a 403 error.
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This check is done by ``CsrfViewMiddleware``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4. In addition, for HTTPS requests, strict referer checking is done by
|
|
|
|
``CsrfViewMiddleware``. This is necessary to address a Man-In-The-Middle
|
|
|
|
attack that is possible under HTTPS when using a session independent nonce,
|
|
|
|
due to the fact that HTTP 'Set-Cookie' headers are (unfortunately) accepted
|
|
|
|
by clients that are talking to a site under HTTPS. (Referer checking is not
|
|
|
|
done for HTTP requests because the presence of the Referer header is not
|
2015-03-17 10:52:55 +01:00
|
|
|
reliable enough under HTTP.)
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
|
2015-03-17 10:52:55 +01:00
|
|
|
If the :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN` setting is set, the referer is compared
|
|
|
|
against it. This setting supports subdomains. For example,
|
|
|
|
``CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN = '.example.com'`` will allow POST requests from
|
|
|
|
``www.example.com`` and ``api.example.com``. If the setting is not set, then
|
|
|
|
the referer must match the HTTP ``Host`` header.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expanding the accepted referers beyond the current host or cookie domain can
|
|
|
|
be done with the :setting:`CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS` setting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This ensures that only forms that have originated from trusted domains can be
|
|
|
|
used to POST data back.
|
2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2011-05-10 01:45:54 +02:00
|
|
|
It deliberately ignores GET requests (and other requests that are defined as
|
2011-09-04 23:17:30 +02:00
|
|
|
'safe' by :rfc:`2616`). These requests ought never to have any potentially
|
2011-05-10 01:45:54 +02:00
|
|
|
dangerous side effects , and so a CSRF attack with a GET request ought to be
|
2011-09-04 23:17:30 +02:00
|
|
|
harmless. :rfc:`2616` defines POST, PUT and DELETE as 'unsafe', and all other
|
2011-05-10 01:45:54 +02:00
|
|
|
methods are assumed to be unsafe, for maximum protection.
|
2007-08-16 16:09:41 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2015-03-17 10:52:55 +01:00
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Checking against the :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN` setting was added.
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
Caching
|
|
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
|
2011-03-30 19:34:26 +02:00
|
|
|
If the :ttag:`csrf_token` template tag is used by a template (or the
|
|
|
|
``get_token`` function is called some other way), ``CsrfViewMiddleware`` will
|
|
|
|
add a cookie and a ``Vary: Cookie`` header to the response. This means that the
|
|
|
|
middleware will play well with the cache middleware if it is used as instructed
|
|
|
|
(``UpdateCacheMiddleware`` goes before all other middleware).
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
However, if you use cache decorators on individual views, the CSRF middleware
|
2011-06-10 18:18:40 +02:00
|
|
|
will not yet have been able to set the Vary header or the CSRF cookie, and the
|
|
|
|
response will be cached without either one. In this case, on any views that
|
|
|
|
will require a CSRF token to be inserted you should use the
|
|
|
|
:func:`django.views.decorators.csrf.csrf_protect` decorator first::
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
|
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from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
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2011-06-10 18:18:40 +02:00
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from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_protect
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Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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@cache_page(60 * 15)
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2011-06-10 18:18:40 +02:00
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@csrf_protect
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
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def my_view(request):
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2014-11-15 13:15:56 +01:00
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|
...
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
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2014-11-15 13:15:56 +01:00
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|
If you are using class-based views, you can refer to :ref:`Decorating
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|
|
class-based views<decorating-class-based-views>`.
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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Testing
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=======
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The ``CsrfViewMiddleware`` will usually be a big hindrance to testing view
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functions, due to the need for the CSRF token which must be sent with every POST
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request. For this reason, Django's HTTP client for tests has been modified to
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set a flag on requests which relaxes the middleware and the ``csrf_protect``
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decorator so that they no longer rejects requests. In every other respect
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(e.g. sending cookies etc.), they behave the same.
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2010-08-27 15:54:13 +02:00
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If, for some reason, you *want* the test client to perform CSRF
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checks, you can create an instance of the test client that enforces
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CSRF checks::
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>>> from django.test import Client
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>>> csrf_client = Client(enforce_csrf_checks=True)
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2011-05-10 00:59:52 +02:00
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.. _csrf-limitations:
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2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
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Limitations
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===========
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2006-12-18 04:59:45 +01:00
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|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
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Subdomains within a site will be able to set cookies on the client for the whole
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domain. By setting the cookie and using a corresponding token, subdomains will
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be able to circumvent the CSRF protection. The only way to avoid this is to
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ensure that subdomains are controlled by trusted users (or, are at least unable
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to set cookies). Note that even without CSRF, there are other vulnerabilities,
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such as session fixation, that make giving subdomains to untrusted parties a bad
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idea, and these vulnerabilities cannot easily be fixed with current browsers.
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2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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Edge cases
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==========
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Certain views can have unusual requirements that mean they don't fit the normal
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pattern envisaged here. A number of utilities can be useful in these
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situations. The scenarios they might be needed in are described in the following
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section.
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Utilities
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---------
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2014-11-15 13:15:56 +01:00
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The examples below assume you are using function-based views. If you
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are working with class-based views, you can refer to :ref:`Decorating
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class-based views<decorating-class-based-views>`.
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2011-05-09 20:27:45 +02:00
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.. function:: csrf_exempt(view)
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This decorator marks a view as being exempt from the protection ensured by
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the middleware. Example::
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from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
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2013-05-19 12:22:40 +02:00
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from django.http import HttpResponse
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2011-05-09 20:27:45 +02:00
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@csrf_exempt
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def my_view(request):
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return HttpResponse('Hello world')
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2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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.. function:: requires_csrf_token(view)
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Normally the :ttag:`csrf_token` template tag will not work if
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``CsrfViewMiddleware.process_view`` or an equivalent like ``csrf_protect``
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has not run. The view decorator ``requires_csrf_token`` can be used to
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ensure the template tag does work. This decorator works similarly to
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``csrf_protect``, but never rejects an incoming request.
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Example::
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from django.views.decorators.csrf import requires_csrf_token
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from django.shortcuts import render
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@requires_csrf_token
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def my_view(request):
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c = {}
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# ...
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return render(request, "a_template.html", c)
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2011-05-09 23:35:24 +02:00
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.. function:: ensure_csrf_cookie(view)
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This decorator forces a view to send the CSRF cookie.
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2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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Scenarios
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---------
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2011-05-09 20:27:45 +02:00
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CSRF protection should be disabled for just a few views
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Most views requires CSRF protection, but a few do not.
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Solution: rather than disabling the middleware and applying ``csrf_protect`` to
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all the views that need it, enable the middleware and use
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:func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.csrf_exempt`.
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2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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CsrfViewMiddleware.process_view not used
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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2012-02-27 15:40:27 +01:00
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There are cases when ``CsrfViewMiddleware.process_view`` may not have run
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2011-11-19 11:53:26 +01:00
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before your view is run - 404 and 500 handlers, for example - but you still
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need the CSRF token in a form.
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2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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2011-05-09 20:27:45 +02:00
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Solution: use :func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.requires_csrf_token`
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2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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Unprotected view needs the CSRF token
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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There may be some views that are unprotected and have been exempted by
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``csrf_exempt``, but still need to include the CSRF token.
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2011-05-09 20:27:45 +02:00
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Solution: use :func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.csrf_exempt` followed by
|
2011-05-10 01:00:02 +02:00
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:func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.requires_csrf_token`. (i.e. ``requires_csrf_token``
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|
should be the innermost decorator).
|
2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
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View needs protection for one path
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|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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|
2014-01-29 17:54:02 +01:00
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|
A view needs CSRF protection under one set of conditions only, and mustn't have
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2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
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it for the rest of the time.
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Solution: use :func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.csrf_exempt` for the whole
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view function, and :func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.csrf_protect` for the
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|
path within it that needs protection. Example::
|
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from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, csrf_protect
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@csrf_exempt
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def my_view(request):
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@csrf_protect
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def protected_path(request):
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do_something()
|
2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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2011-05-09 20:27:52 +02:00
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if some_condition():
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return protected_path(request)
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else:
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do_something_else()
|
2011-05-09 20:27:36 +02:00
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2011-05-09 23:35:24 +02:00
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|
Page uses AJAX without any HTML form
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A page makes a POST request via AJAX, and the page does not have an HTML form
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with a :ttag:`csrf_token` that would cause the required CSRF cookie to be sent.
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Solution: use :func:`~django.views.decorators.csrf.ensure_csrf_cookie` on the
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view that sends the page.
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
|
|
Contrib and reusable apps
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|
|
=========================
|
2006-05-09 01:03:08 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Fixed #9977 - CsrfMiddleware gets template tag added, session dependency removed, and turned on by default.
This is a large change to CSRF protection for Django. It includes:
* removing the dependency on the session framework.
* deprecating CsrfResponseMiddleware, and replacing with a core template tag.
* turning on CSRF protection by default by adding CsrfViewMiddleware to
the default value of MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES.
* protecting all contrib apps (whatever is in settings.py)
using a decorator.
For existing users of the CSRF functionality, it should be a seamless update,
but please note that it includes DEPRECATION of features in Django 1.1,
and there are upgrade steps which are detailed in the docs.
Many thanks to 'Glenn' and 'bthomas', who did a lot of the thinking and work
on the patch, and to lots of other people including Simon Willison and
Russell Keith-Magee who refined the ideas.
Details of the rationale for these changes is found here:
http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/CsrfProtection
As of this commit, the CSRF code is mainly in 'contrib'. The code will be
moved to core in a separate commit, to make the changeset as readable as
possible.
git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@11660 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37
2009-10-27 00:23:07 +01:00
|
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|
Because it is possible for the developer to turn off the ``CsrfViewMiddleware``,
|
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|
all relevant views in contrib apps use the ``csrf_protect`` decorator to ensure
|
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|
the security of these applications against CSRF. It is recommended that the
|
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developers of other reusable apps that want the same guarantees also use the
|
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|
``csrf_protect`` decorator on their views.
|
2011-05-10 01:00:10 +02:00
|
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|
Settings
|
|
|
|
========
|
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|
|
|
2013-01-13 00:44:53 +01:00
|
|
|
A number of settings can be used to control Django's CSRF behavior:
|
2011-05-10 01:00:10 +02:00
|
|
|
|
2014-03-04 01:52:28 +01:00
|
|
|
* :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_AGE`
|
2013-01-13 00:44:53 +01:00
|
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|
* :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN`
|
2013-02-07 09:48:08 +01:00
|
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|
* :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY`
|
2013-01-13 00:44:53 +01:00
|
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|
* :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_NAME`
|
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|
|
* :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_PATH`
|
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|
|
* :setting:`CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE`
|
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|
|
* :setting:`CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW`
|
2015-02-21 22:57:02 +01:00
|
|
|
* :setting:`CSRF_HEADER_NAME`
|
2015-09-01 04:32:03 +02:00
|
|
|
* :setting:`CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS`
|