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As reported in #117847 and #115366, an unpaired backtick in a docstring
tends to confuse e.g. Sphinx running on subclasses of standard library
objects, and the typographic style of using a backtick as an opening
quote is no longer in favor. Convert almost all uses of the form
The variable `foo' should do xyz
to
The variable 'foo' should do xyz
and also fix up miscellaneous other unpaired backticks (extraneous /
missing characters).
No functional change is intended here other than in human-readable
docstrings.
678 lines
23 KiB
Python
678 lines
23 KiB
Python
"""Guess the MIME type of a file.
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This module defines two useful functions:
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guess_type(url, strict=True) -- guess the MIME type and encoding of a URL.
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guess_extension(type, strict=True) -- guess the extension for a given MIME type.
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It also contains the following, for tuning the behavior:
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Data:
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knownfiles -- list of files to parse
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inited -- flag set when init() has been called
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suffix_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes
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encodings_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to encodings
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types_map -- dictionary mapping suffixes to types
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Functions:
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init([files]) -- parse a list of files, default knownfiles (on Windows, the
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default values are taken from the registry)
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read_mime_types(file) -- parse one file, return a dictionary or None
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"""
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import os
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import sys
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import posixpath
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import urllib.parse
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try:
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from _winapi import _mimetypes_read_windows_registry
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except ImportError:
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_mimetypes_read_windows_registry = None
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try:
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import winreg as _winreg
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except ImportError:
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_winreg = None
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__all__ = [
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"knownfiles", "inited", "MimeTypes",
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"guess_type", "guess_file_type", "guess_all_extensions", "guess_extension",
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"add_type", "init", "read_mime_types",
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"suffix_map", "encodings_map", "types_map", "common_types"
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]
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knownfiles = [
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"/etc/mime.types",
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"/etc/httpd/mime.types", # Mac OS X
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"/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", # Apache
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"/etc/apache/mime.types", # Apache 1
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"/etc/apache2/mime.types", # Apache 2
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"/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types",
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"/usr/local/lib/netscape/mime.types",
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"/usr/local/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types", # Apache 1.2
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"/usr/local/etc/mime.types", # Apache 1.3
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]
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inited = False
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_db = None
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class MimeTypes:
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"""MIME-types datastore.
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This datastore can handle information from mime.types-style files
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and supports basic determination of MIME type from a filename or
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URL, and can guess a reasonable extension given a MIME type.
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"""
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def __init__(self, filenames=(), strict=True):
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if not inited:
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init()
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self.encodings_map = _encodings_map_default.copy()
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self.suffix_map = _suffix_map_default.copy()
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self.types_map = ({}, {}) # dict for (non-strict, strict)
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self.types_map_inv = ({}, {})
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for (ext, type) in _types_map_default.items():
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self.add_type(type, ext, True)
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for (ext, type) in _common_types_default.items():
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self.add_type(type, ext, False)
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for name in filenames:
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self.read(name, strict)
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def add_type(self, type, ext, strict=True):
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"""Add a mapping between a type and an extension.
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When the extension is already known, the new
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type will replace the old one. When the type
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is already known the extension will be added
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to the list of known extensions.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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self.types_map[strict][ext] = type
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exts = self.types_map_inv[strict].setdefault(type, [])
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if ext not in exts:
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exts.append(ext)
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def guess_type(self, url, strict=True):
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"""Guess the type of a file which is either a URL or a path-like object.
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Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if
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the type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string
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of the form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type
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header; and encoding is None for no encoding or the name of
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the program used to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The
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mappings are table driven. Encoding suffixes are case
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sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case sensitive, then
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case insensitive.
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The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all
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mapped to '.tar.gz'. (This is table-driven too, using the
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dictionary suffix_map.)
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Optional 'strict' argument when False adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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# TODO: Deprecate accepting file paths (in particular path-like objects).
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url = os.fspath(url)
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p = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
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if p.scheme and len(p.scheme) > 1:
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scheme = p.scheme
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url = p.path
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else:
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return self.guess_file_type(url, strict=strict)
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if scheme == 'data':
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# syntax of data URLs:
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# dataurl := "data:" [ mediatype ] [ ";base64" ] "," data
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# mediatype := [ type "/" subtype ] *( ";" parameter )
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# data := *urlchar
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# parameter := attribute "=" value
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# type/subtype defaults to "text/plain"
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comma = url.find(',')
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if comma < 0:
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# bad data URL
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return None, None
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semi = url.find(';', 0, comma)
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if semi >= 0:
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type = url[:semi]
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else:
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type = url[:comma]
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if '=' in type or '/' not in type:
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type = 'text/plain'
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return type, None # never compressed, so encoding is None
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return self._guess_file_type(url, strict, posixpath.splitext)
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def guess_file_type(self, path, *, strict=True):
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"""Guess the type of a file based on its path.
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Similar to guess_type(), but takes file path istead of URL.
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"""
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path = os.fsdecode(path)
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path = os.path.splitdrive(path)[1]
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return self._guess_file_type(path, strict, os.path.splitext)
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def _guess_file_type(self, path, strict, splitext):
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base, ext = splitext(path)
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while (ext_lower := ext.lower()) in self.suffix_map:
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base, ext = splitext(base + self.suffix_map[ext_lower])
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# encodings_map is case sensitive
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if ext in self.encodings_map:
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encoding = self.encodings_map[ext]
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base, ext = splitext(base)
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else:
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encoding = None
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ext = ext.lower()
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types_map = self.types_map[True]
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if ext in types_map:
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return types_map[ext], encoding
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elif strict:
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return None, encoding
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types_map = self.types_map[False]
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if ext in types_map:
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return types_map[ext], encoding
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else:
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return None, encoding
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def guess_all_extensions(self, type, strict=True):
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"""Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.
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Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename
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extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not
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guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data stream,
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but would be mapped to the MIME type 'type' by guess_type().
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Optional 'strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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type = type.lower()
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extensions = list(self.types_map_inv[True].get(type, []))
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if not strict:
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for ext in self.types_map_inv[False].get(type, []):
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if ext not in extensions:
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extensions.append(ext)
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return extensions
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def guess_extension(self, type, strict=True):
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"""Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.
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Return value is a string giving a filename extension,
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including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not
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guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data
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stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type 'type' by
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guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for 'type', None
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is returned.
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Optional 'strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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extensions = self.guess_all_extensions(type, strict)
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if not extensions:
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return None
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return extensions[0]
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def read(self, filename, strict=True):
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"""
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Read a single mime.types-format file, specified by pathname.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as fp:
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self.readfp(fp, strict)
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def readfp(self, fp, strict=True):
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"""
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Read a single mime.types-format file.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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while line := fp.readline():
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words = line.split()
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for i in range(len(words)):
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if words[i][0] == '#':
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del words[i:]
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break
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if not words:
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continue
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type, suffixes = words[0], words[1:]
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for suff in suffixes:
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self.add_type(type, '.' + suff, strict)
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def read_windows_registry(self, strict=True):
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"""
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Load the MIME types database from Windows registry.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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if not _mimetypes_read_windows_registry and not _winreg:
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return
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add_type = self.add_type
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if strict:
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add_type = lambda type, ext: self.add_type(type, ext, True)
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# Accelerated function if it is available
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if _mimetypes_read_windows_registry:
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_mimetypes_read_windows_registry(add_type)
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elif _winreg:
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self._read_windows_registry(add_type)
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@classmethod
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def _read_windows_registry(cls, add_type):
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def enum_types(mimedb):
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i = 0
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while True:
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try:
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ctype = _winreg.EnumKey(mimedb, i)
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except OSError:
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break
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else:
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if '\0' not in ctype:
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yield ctype
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i += 1
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with _winreg.OpenKey(_winreg.HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, '') as hkcr:
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for subkeyname in enum_types(hkcr):
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try:
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with _winreg.OpenKey(hkcr, subkeyname) as subkey:
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# Only check file extensions
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if not subkeyname.startswith("."):
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continue
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# raises OSError if no 'Content Type' value
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mimetype, datatype = _winreg.QueryValueEx(
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subkey, 'Content Type')
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if datatype != _winreg.REG_SZ:
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continue
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add_type(mimetype, subkeyname)
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except OSError:
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continue
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def guess_type(url, strict=True):
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"""Guess the type of a file based on its URL.
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Return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the
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type can't be guessed (no or unknown suffix) or a string of the
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form type/subtype, usable for a MIME Content-type header; and
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encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used
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to encode (e.g. compress or gzip). The mappings are table
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driven. Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are
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first tried case sensitive, then case insensitive.
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The suffixes .tgz, .taz and .tz (case sensitive!) are all mapped
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to ".tar.gz". (This is table-driven too, using the dictionary
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suffix_map).
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Optional 'strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found, but
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non-standard types.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.guess_type(url, strict)
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def guess_file_type(path, *, strict=True):
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"""Guess the type of a file based on its path.
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Similar to guess_type(), but takes file path istead of URL.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.guess_file_type(path, strict=strict)
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def guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True):
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"""Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type.
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Return value is a list of strings giving the possible filename
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extensions, including the leading dot ('.'). The extension is not
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guaranteed to have been associated with any particular data
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stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type 'type' by
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guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for 'type', None
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is returned.
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Optional 'strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.guess_all_extensions(type, strict)
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def guess_extension(type, strict=True):
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"""Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type.
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Return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the
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leading dot ('.'). The extension is not guaranteed to have been
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associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the
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MIME type 'type' by guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for
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'type', None is returned.
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Optional 'strict' argument when false adds a bunch of commonly found,
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but non-standard types.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.guess_extension(type, strict)
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def add_type(type, ext, strict=True):
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"""Add a mapping between a type and an extension.
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When the extension is already known, the new
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type will replace the old one. When the type
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is already known the extension will be added
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to the list of known extensions.
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If strict is true, information will be added to
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list of standard types, else to the list of non-standard
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types.
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"""
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if _db is None:
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init()
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return _db.add_type(type, ext, strict)
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def init(files=None):
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global suffix_map, types_map, encodings_map, common_types
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global inited, _db
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inited = True # so that MimeTypes.__init__() doesn't call us again
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if files is None or _db is None:
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db = MimeTypes()
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# Quick return if not supported
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db.read_windows_registry()
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if files is None:
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files = knownfiles
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else:
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files = knownfiles + list(files)
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else:
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db = _db
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for file in files:
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if os.path.isfile(file):
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db.read(file)
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encodings_map = db.encodings_map
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suffix_map = db.suffix_map
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types_map = db.types_map[True]
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common_types = db.types_map[False]
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# Make the DB a global variable now that it is fully initialized
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_db = db
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def read_mime_types(file):
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try:
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f = open(file, encoding='utf-8')
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except OSError:
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return None
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with f:
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db = MimeTypes()
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db.readfp(f, True)
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return db.types_map[True]
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def _default_mime_types():
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global suffix_map, _suffix_map_default
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global encodings_map, _encodings_map_default
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global types_map, _types_map_default
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global common_types, _common_types_default
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suffix_map = _suffix_map_default = {
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'.svgz': '.svg.gz',
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'.tgz': '.tar.gz',
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'.taz': '.tar.gz',
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'.tz': '.tar.gz',
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'.tbz2': '.tar.bz2',
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'.txz': '.tar.xz',
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}
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encodings_map = _encodings_map_default = {
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'.gz': 'gzip',
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'.Z': 'compress',
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'.bz2': 'bzip2',
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'.xz': 'xz',
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'.br': 'br',
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}
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# Before adding new types, make sure they are either registered with IANA,
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# at http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types
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# or extensions, i.e. using the x- prefix
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# If you add to these, please keep them sorted by mime type.
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# Make sure the entry with the preferred file extension for a particular mime type
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# appears before any others of the same mimetype.
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types_map = _types_map_default = {
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'.js' : 'text/javascript',
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'.mjs' : 'text/javascript',
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'.json' : 'application/json',
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'.webmanifest': 'application/manifest+json',
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'.doc' : 'application/msword',
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'.dot' : 'application/msword',
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'.wiz' : 'application/msword',
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'.nq' : 'application/n-quads',
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'.nt' : 'application/n-triples',
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'.bin' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.a' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.dll' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.exe' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.o' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.obj' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.so' : 'application/octet-stream',
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'.oda' : 'application/oda',
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'.pdf' : 'application/pdf',
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'.p7c' : 'application/pkcs7-mime',
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'.ps' : 'application/postscript',
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'.ai' : 'application/postscript',
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'.eps' : 'application/postscript',
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'.trig' : 'application/trig',
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'.m3u' : 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl',
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'.m3u8' : 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl',
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'.xls' : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
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'.xlb' : 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
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'.ppt' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.pot' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.ppa' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.pps' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.pwz' : 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
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'.wasm' : 'application/wasm',
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'.bcpio' : 'application/x-bcpio',
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'.cpio' : 'application/x-cpio',
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'.csh' : 'application/x-csh',
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'.dvi' : 'application/x-dvi',
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'.gtar' : 'application/x-gtar',
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'.hdf' : 'application/x-hdf',
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'.h5' : 'application/x-hdf5',
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'.latex' : 'application/x-latex',
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'.mif' : 'application/x-mif',
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'.cdf' : 'application/x-netcdf',
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|
'.nc' : 'application/x-netcdf',
|
|
'.p12' : 'application/x-pkcs12',
|
|
'.pfx' : 'application/x-pkcs12',
|
|
'.ram' : 'application/x-pn-realaudio',
|
|
'.pyc' : 'application/x-python-code',
|
|
'.pyo' : 'application/x-python-code',
|
|
'.sh' : 'application/x-sh',
|
|
'.shar' : 'application/x-shar',
|
|
'.swf' : 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
|
|
'.sv4cpio': 'application/x-sv4cpio',
|
|
'.sv4crc' : 'application/x-sv4crc',
|
|
'.tar' : 'application/x-tar',
|
|
'.tcl' : 'application/x-tcl',
|
|
'.tex' : 'application/x-tex',
|
|
'.texi' : 'application/x-texinfo',
|
|
'.texinfo': 'application/x-texinfo',
|
|
'.roff' : 'application/x-troff',
|
|
'.t' : 'application/x-troff',
|
|
'.tr' : 'application/x-troff',
|
|
'.man' : 'application/x-troff-man',
|
|
'.me' : 'application/x-troff-me',
|
|
'.ms' : 'application/x-troff-ms',
|
|
'.ustar' : 'application/x-ustar',
|
|
'.src' : 'application/x-wais-source',
|
|
'.xsl' : 'application/xml',
|
|
'.rdf' : 'application/xml',
|
|
'.wsdl' : 'application/xml',
|
|
'.xpdl' : 'application/xml',
|
|
'.zip' : 'application/zip',
|
|
'.3gp' : 'audio/3gpp',
|
|
'.3gpp' : 'audio/3gpp',
|
|
'.3g2' : 'audio/3gpp2',
|
|
'.3gpp2' : 'audio/3gpp2',
|
|
'.aac' : 'audio/aac',
|
|
'.adts' : 'audio/aac',
|
|
'.loas' : 'audio/aac',
|
|
'.ass' : 'audio/aac',
|
|
'.au' : 'audio/basic',
|
|
'.snd' : 'audio/basic',
|
|
'.mp3' : 'audio/mpeg',
|
|
'.mp2' : 'audio/mpeg',
|
|
'.opus' : 'audio/opus',
|
|
'.aif' : 'audio/x-aiff',
|
|
'.aifc' : 'audio/x-aiff',
|
|
'.aiff' : 'audio/x-aiff',
|
|
'.ra' : 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
|
|
'.wav' : 'audio/x-wav',
|
|
'.avif' : 'image/avif',
|
|
'.bmp' : 'image/bmp',
|
|
'.gif' : 'image/gif',
|
|
'.ief' : 'image/ief',
|
|
'.jpg' : 'image/jpeg',
|
|
'.jpe' : 'image/jpeg',
|
|
'.jpeg' : 'image/jpeg',
|
|
'.heic' : 'image/heic',
|
|
'.heif' : 'image/heif',
|
|
'.png' : 'image/png',
|
|
'.svg' : 'image/svg+xml',
|
|
'.tiff' : 'image/tiff',
|
|
'.tif' : 'image/tiff',
|
|
'.ico' : 'image/vnd.microsoft.icon',
|
|
'.webp' : 'image/webp',
|
|
'.ras' : 'image/x-cmu-raster',
|
|
'.pnm' : 'image/x-portable-anymap',
|
|
'.pbm' : 'image/x-portable-bitmap',
|
|
'.pgm' : 'image/x-portable-graymap',
|
|
'.ppm' : 'image/x-portable-pixmap',
|
|
'.rgb' : 'image/x-rgb',
|
|
'.xbm' : 'image/x-xbitmap',
|
|
'.xpm' : 'image/x-xpixmap',
|
|
'.xwd' : 'image/x-xwindowdump',
|
|
'.eml' : 'message/rfc822',
|
|
'.mht' : 'message/rfc822',
|
|
'.mhtml' : 'message/rfc822',
|
|
'.nws' : 'message/rfc822',
|
|
'.css' : 'text/css',
|
|
'.csv' : 'text/csv',
|
|
'.html' : 'text/html',
|
|
'.htm' : 'text/html',
|
|
'.md' : 'text/markdown',
|
|
'.markdown': 'text/markdown',
|
|
'.n3' : 'text/n3',
|
|
'.txt' : 'text/plain',
|
|
'.bat' : 'text/plain',
|
|
'.c' : 'text/plain',
|
|
'.h' : 'text/plain',
|
|
'.ksh' : 'text/plain',
|
|
'.pl' : 'text/plain',
|
|
'.srt' : 'text/plain',
|
|
'.rtx' : 'text/richtext',
|
|
'.rtf' : 'text/rtf',
|
|
'.tsv' : 'text/tab-separated-values',
|
|
'.vtt' : 'text/vtt',
|
|
'.py' : 'text/x-python',
|
|
'.rst' : 'text/x-rst',
|
|
'.etx' : 'text/x-setext',
|
|
'.sgm' : 'text/x-sgml',
|
|
'.sgml' : 'text/x-sgml',
|
|
'.vcf' : 'text/x-vcard',
|
|
'.xml' : 'text/xml',
|
|
'.mp4' : 'video/mp4',
|
|
'.mpeg' : 'video/mpeg',
|
|
'.m1v' : 'video/mpeg',
|
|
'.mpa' : 'video/mpeg',
|
|
'.mpe' : 'video/mpeg',
|
|
'.mpg' : 'video/mpeg',
|
|
'.mov' : 'video/quicktime',
|
|
'.qt' : 'video/quicktime',
|
|
'.webm' : 'video/webm',
|
|
'.avi' : 'video/x-msvideo',
|
|
'.movie' : 'video/x-sgi-movie',
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# These are non-standard types, commonly found in the wild. They will
|
|
# only match if strict=0 flag is given to the API methods.
|
|
|
|
# Please sort these too
|
|
common_types = _common_types_default = {
|
|
'.rtf' : 'application/rtf',
|
|
'.midi': 'audio/midi',
|
|
'.mid' : 'audio/midi',
|
|
'.jpg' : 'image/jpg',
|
|
'.pict': 'image/pict',
|
|
'.pct' : 'image/pict',
|
|
'.pic' : 'image/pict',
|
|
'.xul' : 'text/xul',
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
_default_mime_types()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _main():
|
|
import getopt
|
|
|
|
USAGE = """\
|
|
Usage: mimetypes.py [options] type
|
|
|
|
Options:
|
|
--help / -h -- print this message and exit
|
|
--lenient / -l -- additionally search of some common, but non-standard
|
|
types.
|
|
--extension / -e -- guess extension instead of type
|
|
|
|
More than one type argument may be given.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def usage(code, msg=''):
|
|
print(USAGE)
|
|
if msg: print(msg)
|
|
sys.exit(code)
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'hle',
|
|
['help', 'lenient', 'extension'])
|
|
except getopt.error as msg:
|
|
usage(1, msg)
|
|
|
|
strict = 1
|
|
extension = 0
|
|
for opt, arg in opts:
|
|
if opt in ('-h', '--help'):
|
|
usage(0)
|
|
elif opt in ('-l', '--lenient'):
|
|
strict = 0
|
|
elif opt in ('-e', '--extension'):
|
|
extension = 1
|
|
for gtype in args:
|
|
if extension:
|
|
guess = guess_extension(gtype, strict)
|
|
if not guess: print("I don't know anything about type", gtype)
|
|
else: print(guess)
|
|
else:
|
|
guess, encoding = guess_type(gtype, strict)
|
|
if not guess: print("I don't know anything about type", gtype)
|
|
else: print('type:', guess, 'encoding:', encoding)
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
_main()
|