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214 lines
7.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
214 lines
7.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. index::
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single: Python Package Index (PyPI)
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single: PyPI; (see Python Package Index (PyPI))
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.. _package-index:
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*******************************
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The Python Package Index (PyPI)
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*******************************
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The `Python Package Index (PyPI)`_ holds :ref:`meta-data <meta-data>`
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describing distributions packaged with distutils, as well as package data like
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distribution files if the package author wishes.
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Distutils exposes two commands for submitting package data to PyPI: the
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:ref:`register <package-register>` command for submitting meta-data to PyPI
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and the :ref:`upload <package-upload>` command for submitting distribution
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files. Both commands read configuration data from a special file called the
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:ref:`.pypirc file <pypirc>`. PyPI :ref:`displays a home page
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<package-display>` for each package created from the ``long_description``
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submitted by the :command:`register` command.
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.. _package-register:
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Registering Packages
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====================
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The distutils command :command:`register` is used to submit your distribution's
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meta-data to the index. It is invoked as follows::
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python setup.py register
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Distutils will respond with the following prompt::
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running register
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We need to know who you are, so please choose either:
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1. use your existing login,
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2. register as a new user,
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3. have the server generate a new password for you (and email it to you), or
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4. quit
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Your selection [default 1]:
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Note: if your username and password are saved locally, you will not see this
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menu.
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If you have not registered with PyPI, then you will need to do so now. You
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should choose option 2, and enter your details as required. Soon after
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submitting your details, you will receive an email which will be used to confirm
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your registration.
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Once you are registered, you may choose option 1 from the menu. You will be
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prompted for your PyPI username and password, and :command:`register` will then
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submit your meta-data to the index.
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You may submit any number of versions of your distribution to the index. If you
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alter the meta-data for a particular version, you may submit it again and the
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index will be updated.
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PyPI holds a record for each (name, version) combination submitted. The first
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user to submit information for a given name is designated the Owner of that
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name. They may submit changes through the :command:`register` command or through
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the web interface. They may also designate other users as Owners or Maintainers.
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Maintainers may edit the package information, but not designate other Owners or
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Maintainers.
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By default PyPI displays only the newest version of a given package. The web
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interface lets one change this default behavior and manually select which
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versions to display and hide.
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.. _package-upload:
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Uploading Packages
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==================
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The distutils command :command:`upload` pushes the distribution files to PyPI.
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The command is invoked immediately after building one or more distribution
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files. For example, the command ::
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python setup.py sdist bdist_wininst upload
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will cause the source distribution and the Windows installer to be uploaded to
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PyPI. Note that these will be uploaded even if they are built using an earlier
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invocation of :file:`setup.py`, but that only distributions named on the command
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line for the invocation including the :command:`upload` command are uploaded.
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The :command:`upload` command uses the username, password, and repository URL
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from the :file:`$HOME/.pypirc` file (see section :ref:`pypirc` for more on this
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file). If a :command:`register` command was previously called in the same command,
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and if the password was entered in the prompt, :command:`upload` will reuse the
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entered password. This is useful if you do not want to store a clear text
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password in the :file:`$HOME/.pypirc` file.
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You can specify another PyPI server with the ``--repository=url`` option::
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python setup.py sdist bdist_wininst upload -r http://example.com/pypi
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See section :ref:`pypirc` for more on defining several servers.
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You can use the ``--sign`` option to tell :command:`upload` to sign each
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uploaded file using GPG (GNU Privacy Guard). The :program:`gpg` program must
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be available for execution on the system :envvar:`PATH`. You can also specify
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which key to use for signing using the ``--identity=name`` option.
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Other :command:`upload` options include ``--repository=url`` or
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``--repository=section`` where *url* is the url of the server and
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*section* the name of the section in :file:`$HOME/.pypirc`, and
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``--show-response`` (which displays the full response text from the PyPI
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server for help in debugging upload problems).
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.. index::
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single: .pypirc file
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single: Python Package Index (PyPI); .pypirc file
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.. _pypirc:
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The .pypirc file
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================
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The format of the :file:`.pypirc` file is as follows::
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[distutils]
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index-servers =
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pypi
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[pypi]
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repository: <repository-url>
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username: <username>
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password: <password>
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The *distutils* section defines a *index-servers* variable that lists the
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name of all sections describing a repository.
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Each section describing a repository defines three variables:
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- *repository*, that defines the url of the PyPI server. Defaults to
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``http://www.python.org/pypi``.
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- *username*, which is the registered username on the PyPI server.
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- *password*, that will be used to authenticate. If omitted the user
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will be prompt to type it when needed.
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If you want to define another server a new section can be created and
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listed in the *index-servers* variable::
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[distutils]
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index-servers =
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pypi
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other
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[pypi]
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repository: <repository-url>
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username: <username>
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password: <password>
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[other]
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repository: http://example.com/pypi
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username: <username>
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password: <password>
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:command:`register` can then be called with the -r option to point the
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repository to work with::
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python setup.py register -r http://example.com/pypi
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For convenience, the name of the section that describes the repository
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may also be used::
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python setup.py register -r other
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.. _package-display:
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PyPI package display
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====================
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The ``long_description`` field plays a special role at PyPI. It is used by
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the server to display a home page for the registered package.
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If you use the `reStructuredText <http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html>`_
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syntax for this field, PyPI will parse it and display an HTML output for
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the package home page.
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The ``long_description`` field can be attached to a text file located
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in the package::
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from distutils.core import setup
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with open('README.txt') as file:
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long_description = file.read()
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setup(name='Distutils',
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long_description=long_description)
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In that case, :file:`README.txt` is a regular reStructuredText text file located
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in the root of the package besides :file:`setup.py`.
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To prevent registering broken reStructuredText content, you can use the
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:program:`rst2html` program that is provided by the :mod:`docutils` package and
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check the ``long_description`` from the command line::
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$ python setup.py --long-description | rst2html.py > output.html
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:mod:`docutils` will display a warning if there's something wrong with your
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syntax. Because PyPI applies additional checks (e.g. by passing ``--no-raw``
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to ``rst2html.py`` in the command above), being able to run the command above
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without warnings does not guarantee that PyPI will convert the content
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successfully.
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.. _Python Package Index (PyPI): http://pypi.python.org/
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