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cpython/Objects/frameobject.c

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/* Frame object implementation */
#include "Python.h"
#include "pycore_ceval.h" // _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals()
#include "pycore_code.h" // CO_FAST_LOCAL, etc.
#include "pycore_function.h" // _PyFunction_FromConstructor()
#include "pycore_moduleobject.h" // _PyModule_GetDict()
#include "pycore_object.h" // _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK()
#include "pycore_opcode_metadata.h" // _PyOpcode_Deopt, _PyOpcode_Caches
#include "frameobject.h" // PyFrameObject
#include "pycore_frame.h"
#include "opcode.h" // EXTENDED_ARG
#define OFF(x) offsetof(PyFrameObject, x)
static PyMemberDef frame_memberlist[] = {
{"f_trace_lines", Py_T_BOOL, OFF(f_trace_lines), 0},
{NULL} /* Sentinel */
};
static PyObject *
frame_getlocals(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
if (f == NULL) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return NULL;
}
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(f->f_frame));
PyObject *locals = _PyFrame_GetLocals(f->f_frame, 1);
if (locals) {
f->f_fast_as_locals = 1;
}
return locals;
}
int
PyFrame_GetLineNumber(PyFrameObject *f)
{
assert(f != NULL);
if (f->f_lineno != 0) {
return f->f_lineno;
}
else {
return PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetLine(f->f_frame);
}
}
static PyObject *
frame_getlineno(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
int lineno = PyFrame_GetLineNumber(f);
if (lineno < 0) {
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
else {
return PyLong_FromLong(lineno);
}
}
static PyObject *
frame_getlasti(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
int lasti = _PyInterpreterFrame_LASTI(f->f_frame);
if (lasti < 0) {
return PyLong_FromLong(-1);
}
return PyLong_FromLong(lasti * sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT));
}
static PyObject *
frame_getglobals(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
PyObject *globals = f->f_frame->f_globals;
if (globals == NULL) {
globals = Py_None;
}
return Py_NewRef(globals);
}
static PyObject *
frame_getbuiltins(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
PyObject *builtins = f->f_frame->f_builtins;
if (builtins == NULL) {
builtins = Py_None;
}
return Py_NewRef(builtins);
}
static PyObject *
frame_getcode(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
if (PySys_Audit("object.__getattr__", "Os", f, "f_code") < 0) {
return NULL;
}
return (PyObject *)PyFrame_GetCode(f);
}
static PyObject *
frame_getback(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
PyObject *res = (PyObject *)PyFrame_GetBack(f);
if (res == NULL) {
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
return res;
}
static PyObject *
frame_gettrace_opcodes(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
PyObject *result = f->f_trace_opcodes ? Py_True : Py_False;
return Py_NewRef(result);
}
static int
frame_settrace_opcodes(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject* value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
if (!PyBool_Check(value)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
"attribute value type must be bool");
return -1;
}
if (value == Py_True) {
f->f_trace_opcodes = 1;
if (f->f_trace) {
return _PyEval_SetOpcodeTrace(f, true);
}
}
else {
f->f_trace_opcodes = 0;
return _PyEval_SetOpcodeTrace(f, false);
}
return 0;
}
/* Model the evaluation stack, to determine which jumps
* are safe and how many values needs to be popped.
* The stack is modelled by a 64 integer, treating any
* stack that can't fit into 64 bits as "overflowed".
*/
typedef enum kind {
Iterator = 1,
Except = 2,
Object = 3,
Null = 4,
Lasti = 5,
} Kind;
static int
compatible_kind(Kind from, Kind to) {
if (to == 0) {
return 0;
}
if (to == Object) {
return from != Null;
}
if (to == Null) {
return 1;
}
return from == to;
}
#define BITS_PER_BLOCK 3
#define UNINITIALIZED -2
#define OVERFLOWED -1
#define MAX_STACK_ENTRIES (63/BITS_PER_BLOCK)
#define WILL_OVERFLOW (1ULL<<((MAX_STACK_ENTRIES-1)*BITS_PER_BLOCK))
#define EMPTY_STACK 0
static inline int64_t
push_value(int64_t stack, Kind kind)
{
if (((uint64_t)stack) >= WILL_OVERFLOW) {
return OVERFLOWED;
}
else {
return (stack << BITS_PER_BLOCK) | kind;
}
}
static inline int64_t
pop_value(int64_t stack)
{
return Py_ARITHMETIC_RIGHT_SHIFT(int64_t, stack, BITS_PER_BLOCK);
}
#define MASK ((1<<BITS_PER_BLOCK)-1)
static inline Kind
top_of_stack(int64_t stack)
{
return stack & MASK;
}
static inline Kind
peek(int64_t stack, int n)
{
assert(n >= 1);
return (stack>>(BITS_PER_BLOCK*(n-1))) & MASK;
}
static Kind
stack_swap(int64_t stack, int n)
{
assert(n >= 1);
Kind to_swap = peek(stack, n);
Kind top = top_of_stack(stack);
int shift = BITS_PER_BLOCK*(n-1);
int64_t replaced_low = (stack & ~(MASK << shift)) | (top << shift);
int64_t replaced_top = (replaced_low & ~MASK) | to_swap;
return replaced_top;
}
static int64_t
pop_to_level(int64_t stack, int level) {
if (level == 0) {
return EMPTY_STACK;
}
int64_t max_item = (1<<BITS_PER_BLOCK) - 1;
int64_t level_max_stack = max_item << ((level-1) * BITS_PER_BLOCK);
while (stack > level_max_stack) {
stack = pop_value(stack);
}
return stack;
}
#if 0
/* These functions are useful for debugging the stack marking code */
static char
tos_char(int64_t stack) {
switch(top_of_stack(stack)) {
case Iterator:
return 'I';
case Except:
return 'E';
case Object:
return 'O';
case Lasti:
return 'L';
case Null:
return 'N';
}
return '?';
}
static void
print_stack(int64_t stack) {
if (stack < 0) {
if (stack == UNINITIALIZED) {
printf("---");
}
else if (stack == OVERFLOWED) {
printf("OVERFLOWED");
}
else {
printf("??");
}
return;
}
while (stack) {
printf("%c", tos_char(stack));
stack = pop_value(stack);
}
}
static void
print_stacks(int64_t *stacks, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("%d: ", i);
print_stack(stacks[i]);
printf("\n");
}
}
#endif
static int64_t *
mark_stacks(PyCodeObject *code_obj, int len)
{
PyObject *co_code = _PyCode_GetCode(code_obj);
if (co_code == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
_Py_CODEUNIT *code = (_Py_CODEUNIT *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(co_code);
int64_t *stacks = PyMem_New(int64_t, len+1);
int i, j, opcode;
if (stacks == NULL) {
PyErr_NoMemory();
Py_DECREF(co_code);
return NULL;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= len; i++) {
stacks[i] = UNINITIALIZED;
}
stacks[0] = EMPTY_STACK;
if (code_obj->co_flags & (CO_GENERATOR | CO_COROUTINE | CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR))
{
// Generators get sent None while starting:
stacks[0] = push_value(stacks[0], Object);
}
int todo = 1;
while (todo) {
todo = 0;
/* Scan instructions */
for (i = 0; i < len;) {
int64_t next_stack = stacks[i];
opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code_obj, i);
int oparg = 0;
while (opcode == EXTENDED_ARG) {
oparg = (oparg << 8) | code[i].op.arg;
i++;
opcode = _Py_GetBaseOpcode(code_obj, i);
stacks[i] = next_stack;
}
int next_i = i + _PyOpcode_Caches[opcode] + 1;
if (next_stack == UNINITIALIZED) {
i = next_i;
continue;
}
oparg = (oparg << 8) | code[i].op.arg;
switch (opcode) {
case POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE:
case POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE:
case POP_JUMP_IF_NONE:
case POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE:
{
int64_t target_stack;
int j = next_i + oparg;
assert(j < len);
next_stack = pop_value(next_stack);
target_stack = next_stack;
assert(stacks[j] == UNINITIALIZED || stacks[j] == target_stack);
stacks[j] = target_stack;
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
}
case SEND:
j = oparg + i + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND + 1;
assert(j < len);
assert(stacks[j] == UNINITIALIZED || stacks[j] == next_stack);
stacks[j] = next_stack;
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
case JUMP_FORWARD:
j = oparg + i + 1;
assert(j < len);
assert(stacks[j] == UNINITIALIZED || stacks[j] == next_stack);
stacks[j] = next_stack;
break;
case JUMP_BACKWARD:
case JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT:
j = next_i - oparg;
assert(j >= 0);
assert(j < len);
if (stacks[j] == UNINITIALIZED && j < i) {
todo = 1;
}
assert(stacks[j] == UNINITIALIZED || stacks[j] == next_stack);
stacks[j] = next_stack;
break;
case GET_ITER:
case GET_AITER:
next_stack = push_value(pop_value(next_stack), Iterator);
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
case FOR_ITER:
{
int64_t target_stack = push_value(next_stack, Object);
stacks[next_i] = target_stack;
j = oparg + 1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + i;
assert(j < len);
assert(stacks[j] == UNINITIALIZED || stacks[j] == target_stack);
stacks[j] = target_stack;
break;
}
case END_ASYNC_FOR:
next_stack = pop_value(pop_value(next_stack));
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
case PUSH_EXC_INFO:
next_stack = push_value(next_stack, Except);
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
case POP_EXCEPT:
assert(top_of_stack(next_stack) == Except);
next_stack = pop_value(next_stack);
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
case RETURN_VALUE:
assert(pop_value(next_stack) == EMPTY_STACK);
assert(top_of_stack(next_stack) == Object);
break;
case RETURN_CONST:
break;
case RAISE_VARARGS:
break;
case RERAISE:
assert(top_of_stack(next_stack) == Except);
/* End of block */
break;
case PUSH_NULL:
next_stack = push_value(next_stack, Null);
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
case LOAD_GLOBAL:
{
int j = oparg;
next_stack = push_value(next_stack, Object);
if (j & 1) {
next_stack = push_value(next_stack, Null);
}
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
}
case LOAD_ATTR:
{
assert(top_of_stack(next_stack) == Object);
int j = oparg;
if (j & 1) {
next_stack = pop_value(next_stack);
next_stack = push_value(next_stack, Object);
next_stack = push_value(next_stack, Null);
}
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
}
case SWAP:
{
int n = oparg;
next_stack = stack_swap(next_stack, n);
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
}
case COPY:
{
int n = oparg;
next_stack = push_value(next_stack, peek(next_stack, n));
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
break;
}
case CACHE:
case RESERVED:
{
assert(0);
}
default:
{
int delta = PyCompile_OpcodeStackEffect(opcode, oparg);
assert(delta != PY_INVALID_STACK_EFFECT);
while (delta < 0) {
next_stack = pop_value(next_stack);
delta++;
}
while (delta > 0) {
next_stack = push_value(next_stack, Object);
delta--;
}
stacks[next_i] = next_stack;
}
}
i = next_i;
}
/* Scan exception table */
unsigned char *start = (unsigned char *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(code_obj->co_exceptiontable);
unsigned char *end = start + PyBytes_GET_SIZE(code_obj->co_exceptiontable);
unsigned char *scan = start;
while (scan < end) {
int start_offset, size, handler;
scan = parse_varint(scan, &start_offset);
assert(start_offset >= 0 && start_offset < len);
scan = parse_varint(scan, &size);
assert(size >= 0 && start_offset+size <= len);
scan = parse_varint(scan, &handler);
assert(handler >= 0 && handler < len);
int depth_and_lasti;
scan = parse_varint(scan, &depth_and_lasti);
int level = depth_and_lasti >> 1;
int lasti = depth_and_lasti & 1;
if (stacks[start_offset] != UNINITIALIZED) {
if (stacks[handler] == UNINITIALIZED) {
todo = 1;
uint64_t target_stack = pop_to_level(stacks[start_offset], level);
if (lasti) {
target_stack = push_value(target_stack, Lasti);
}
target_stack = push_value(target_stack, Except);
stacks[handler] = target_stack;
}
}
}
}
Py_DECREF(co_code);
return stacks;
}
static int
compatible_stack(int64_t from_stack, int64_t to_stack)
{
if (from_stack < 0 || to_stack < 0) {
return 0;
}
while(from_stack > to_stack) {
from_stack = pop_value(from_stack);
}
while(from_stack) {
Kind from_top = top_of_stack(from_stack);
Kind to_top = top_of_stack(to_stack);
if (!compatible_kind(from_top, to_top)) {
return 0;
}
from_stack = pop_value(from_stack);
to_stack = pop_value(to_stack);
}
return to_stack == 0;
}
static const char *
explain_incompatible_stack(int64_t to_stack)
{
assert(to_stack != 0);
if (to_stack == OVERFLOWED) {
return "stack is too deep to analyze";
}
if (to_stack == UNINITIALIZED) {
return "can't jump into an exception handler, or code may be unreachable";
}
Kind target_kind = top_of_stack(to_stack);
switch(target_kind) {
case Except:
return "can't jump into an 'except' block as there's no exception";
case Lasti:
return "can't jump into a re-raising block as there's no location";
case Object:
case Null:
return "incompatible stacks";
case Iterator:
return "can't jump into the body of a for loop";
default:
Py_UNREACHABLE();
}
}
static int *
marklines(PyCodeObject *code, int len)
{
PyCodeAddressRange bounds;
_PyCode_InitAddressRange(code, &bounds);
assert (bounds.ar_end == 0);
int last_line = -1;
int *linestarts = PyMem_New(int, len);
if (linestarts == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
linestarts[i] = -1;
}
while (_PyLineTable_NextAddressRange(&bounds)) {
assert(bounds.ar_start / (int)sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT) < len);
if (bounds.ar_line != last_line && bounds.ar_line != -1) {
linestarts[bounds.ar_start / sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT)] = bounds.ar_line;
last_line = bounds.ar_line;
}
}
return linestarts;
}
static int
first_line_not_before(int *lines, int len, int line)
{
int result = INT_MAX;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (lines[i] < result && lines[i] >= line) {
result = lines[i];
}
}
if (result == INT_MAX) {
return -1;
}
return result;
}
static bool
frame_is_cleared(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
if (frame->f_frame->stacktop == 0) {
return true;
}
if (frame->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR) {
PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame->f_frame);
return gen->gi_frame_state == FRAME_CLEARED;
}
return false;
}
static bool frame_is_suspended(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
if (frame->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR) {
PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame->f_frame);
return FRAME_STATE_SUSPENDED(gen->gi_frame_state);
}
return false;
}
/* Setter for f_lineno - you can set f_lineno from within a trace function in
* order to jump to a given line of code, subject to some restrictions. Most
* lines are OK to jump to because they don't make any assumptions about the
* state of the stack (obvious because you could remove the line and the code
* would still work without any stack errors), but there are some constructs
* that limit jumping:
*
* o Any exception handlers.
* o 'for' and 'async for' loops can't be jumped into because the
* iterator needs to be on the stack.
* o Jumps cannot be made from within a trace function invoked with a
* 'return' or 'exception' event since the eval loop has been exited at
* that time.
*/
static int
frame_setlineno(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject* p_new_lineno, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(f->f_frame);
if (p_new_lineno == NULL) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, "cannot delete attribute");
return -1;
}
/* f_lineno must be an integer. */
if (!PyLong_CheckExact(p_new_lineno)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
"lineno must be an integer");
return -1;
}
bool is_suspended = frame_is_suspended(f);
/*
* This code preserves the historical restrictions on
* setting the line number of a frame.
* Jumps are forbidden on a 'return' trace event (except after a yield).
* Jumps from 'call' trace events are also forbidden.
* In addition, jumps are forbidden when not tracing,
* as this is a debugging feature.
*/
int what_event = PyThreadState_GET()->what_event;
if (what_event < 0) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
"f_lineno can only be set in a trace function");
return -1;
}
switch (what_event) {
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RESUME:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_LINE:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_YIELD:
/* Setting f_lineno is allowed for the above events */
break;
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_START:
PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
"can't jump from the 'call' trace event of a new frame");
return -1;
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN:
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
"can't jump during a call");
return -1;
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_UNWIND:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_THROW:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_RAISE:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_INSTRUCTION:
case PY_MONITORING_EVENT_EXCEPTION_HANDLED:
PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
"can only jump from a 'line' trace event");
return -1;
default:
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
"unexpected event type");
return -1;
}
int new_lineno;
/* Fail if the line falls outside the code block and
select first line with actual code. */
int overflow;
long l_new_lineno = PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(p_new_lineno, &overflow);
if (overflow
#if SIZEOF_LONG > SIZEOF_INT
|| l_new_lineno > INT_MAX
|| l_new_lineno < INT_MIN
#endif
) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
"lineno out of range");
return -1;
}
new_lineno = (int)l_new_lineno;
if (new_lineno < code->co_firstlineno) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
"line %d comes before the current code block",
new_lineno);
return -1;
}
/* PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs limits co_code to be under INT_MAX so this
* should never overflow. */
int len = (int)Py_SIZE(code);
int *lines = marklines(code, len);
if (lines == NULL) {
return -1;
}
new_lineno = first_line_not_before(lines, len, new_lineno);
if (new_lineno < 0) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
"line %d comes after the current code block",
(int)l_new_lineno);
PyMem_Free(lines);
return -1;
}
int64_t *stacks = mark_stacks(code, len);
if (stacks == NULL) {
PyMem_Free(lines);
return -1;
}
int64_t best_stack = OVERFLOWED;
int best_addr = -1;
int64_t start_stack = stacks[_PyInterpreterFrame_LASTI(f->f_frame)];
int err = -1;
const char *msg = "cannot find bytecode for specified line";
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (lines[i] == new_lineno) {
int64_t target_stack = stacks[i];
if (compatible_stack(start_stack, target_stack)) {
err = 0;
if (target_stack > best_stack) {
best_stack = target_stack;
best_addr = i;
}
}
else if (err < 0) {
if (start_stack == OVERFLOWED) {
msg = "stack to deep to analyze";
}
else if (start_stack == UNINITIALIZED) {
msg = "can't jump from unreachable code";
}
else {
msg = explain_incompatible_stack(target_stack);
err = 1;
}
}
}
}
PyMem_Free(stacks);
PyMem_Free(lines);
if (err) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, msg);
return -1;
}
// Populate any NULL locals that the compiler might have "proven" to exist
// in the new location. Rather than crashing or changing co_code, just bind
// None instead:
int unbound = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
// Counting every unbound local is overly-cautious, but a full flow
// analysis (like we do in the compiler) is probably too expensive:
unbound += f->f_frame->localsplus[i] == NULL;
}
if (unbound) {
const char *e = "assigning None to %d unbound local%s";
const char *s = (unbound == 1) ? "" : "s";
if (PyErr_WarnFormat(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, 0, e, unbound, s)) {
return -1;
}
// Do this in a second pass to avoid writing a bunch of Nones when
// warnings are being treated as errors and the previous bit raises:
for (int i = 0; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
if (f->f_frame->localsplus[i] == NULL) {
f->f_frame->localsplus[i] = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
unbound--;
}
}
assert(unbound == 0);
}
if (is_suspended) {
/* Account for value popped by yield */
start_stack = pop_value(start_stack);
}
while (start_stack > best_stack) {
if (top_of_stack(start_stack) == Except) {
/* Pop exception stack as well as the evaluation stack */
PyObject *exc = _PyFrame_StackPop(f->f_frame);
assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc) || exc == Py_None);
PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
Py_XSETREF(tstate->exc_info->exc_value, exc == Py_None ? NULL : exc);
}
else {
PyObject *v = _PyFrame_StackPop(f->f_frame);
Py_XDECREF(v);
}
start_stack = pop_value(start_stack);
}
/* Finally set the new lasti and return OK. */
f->f_lineno = 0;
f->f_frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(code) + best_addr;
return 0;
}
static PyObject *
frame_gettrace(PyFrameObject *f, void *closure)
{
PyObject* trace = f->f_trace;
if (trace == NULL)
trace = Py_None;
return Py_NewRef(trace);
}
static int
frame_settrace(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject* v, void *closure)
{
if (v == Py_None) {
v = NULL;
}
if (v != f->f_trace) {
Py_XSETREF(f->f_trace, Py_XNewRef(v));
if (v != NULL && f->f_trace_opcodes) {
return _PyEval_SetOpcodeTrace(f, true);
}
}
return 0;
}
static PyGetSetDef frame_getsetlist[] = {
{"f_back", (getter)frame_getback, NULL, NULL},
{"f_locals", (getter)frame_getlocals, NULL, NULL},
{"f_lineno", (getter)frame_getlineno,
(setter)frame_setlineno, NULL},
{"f_trace", (getter)frame_gettrace, (setter)frame_settrace, NULL},
{"f_lasti", (getter)frame_getlasti, NULL, NULL},
{"f_globals", (getter)frame_getglobals, NULL, NULL},
{"f_builtins", (getter)frame_getbuiltins, NULL, NULL},
{"f_code", (getter)frame_getcode, NULL, NULL},
{"f_trace_opcodes", (getter)frame_gettrace_opcodes, (setter)frame_settrace_opcodes, NULL},
{0}
};
static void
frame_dealloc(PyFrameObject *f)
{
/* It is the responsibility of the owning generator/coroutine
* to have cleared the generator pointer */
if (_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(f)) {
_PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(f);
}
Py_TRASHCAN_BEGIN(f, frame_dealloc);
PyObject *co = NULL;
/* GH-106092: If f->f_frame was on the stack and we reached the maximum
* nesting depth for deallocations, the trashcan may have delayed this
* deallocation until after f->f_frame is freed. Avoid dereferencing
* f->f_frame unless we know it still points to valid memory. */
_PyInterpreterFrame *frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)f->_f_frame_data;
/* Kill all local variables including specials, if we own them */
if (f->f_frame == frame && frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT) {
/* Don't clear code object until the end */
co = frame->f_executable;
frame->f_executable = NULL;
Py_CLEAR(frame->f_funcobj);
Py_CLEAR(frame->f_locals);
PyObject **locals = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
for (int i = 0; i < frame->stacktop; i++) {
Py_CLEAR(locals[i]);
}
}
Py_CLEAR(f->f_back);
Py_CLEAR(f->f_trace);
PyObject_GC_Del(f);
Py_XDECREF(co);
Py_TRASHCAN_END;
}
static int
frame_traverse(PyFrameObject *f, visitproc visit, void *arg)
{
Py_VISIT(f->f_back);
Py_VISIT(f->f_trace);
if (f->f_frame->owner != FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT) {
return 0;
}
assert(f->f_frame->frame_obj == NULL);
return _PyFrame_Traverse(f->f_frame, visit, arg);
}
static int
frame_tp_clear(PyFrameObject *f)
{
Py_CLEAR(f->f_trace);
/* locals and stack */
PyObject **locals = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(f->f_frame);
assert(f->f_frame->stacktop >= 0);
for (int i = 0; i < f->f_frame->stacktop; i++) {
Py_CLEAR(locals[i]);
}
f->f_frame->stacktop = 0;
return 0;
}
static PyObject *
frame_clear(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
if (f->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR) {
PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(f->f_frame);
if (gen->gi_frame_state == FRAME_EXECUTING) {
goto running;
}
if (FRAME_STATE_SUSPENDED(gen->gi_frame_state)) {
goto suspended;
}
_PyGen_Finalize((PyObject *)gen);
}
else if (f->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_THREAD) {
goto running;
}
else {
assert(f->f_frame->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT);
(void)frame_tp_clear(f);
}
Py_RETURN_NONE;
running:
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
"cannot clear an executing frame");
return NULL;
suspended:
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
"cannot clear a suspended frame");
return NULL;
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(clear__doc__,
"F.clear(): clear most references held by the frame");
static PyObject *
frame_sizeof(PyFrameObject *f, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
Py_ssize_t res;
res = offsetof(PyFrameObject, _f_frame_data) + offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, localsplus);
PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(f->f_frame);
res += _PyFrame_NumSlotsForCodeObject(code) * sizeof(PyObject *);
return PyLong_FromSsize_t(res);
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(sizeof__doc__,
"F.__sizeof__() -> size of F in memory, in bytes");
static PyObject *
frame_repr(PyFrameObject *f)
{
int lineno = PyFrame_GetLineNumber(f);
PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(f->f_frame);
return PyUnicode_FromFormat(
"<frame at %p, file %R, line %d, code %S>",
f, code->co_filename, lineno, code->co_name);
}
static PyMethodDef frame_methods[] = {
{"clear", (PyCFunction)frame_clear, METH_NOARGS,
clear__doc__},
{"__sizeof__", (PyCFunction)frame_sizeof, METH_NOARGS,
sizeof__doc__},
{NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};
PyTypeObject PyFrame_Type = {
PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
"frame",
offsetof(PyFrameObject, _f_frame_data) +
offsetof(_PyInterpreterFrame, localsplus),
sizeof(PyObject *),
(destructor)frame_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */
0, /* tp_vectorcall_offset */
0, /* tp_getattr */
0, /* tp_setattr */
0, /* tp_as_async */
(reprfunc)frame_repr, /* tp_repr */
0, /* tp_as_number */
0, /* tp_as_sequence */
0, /* tp_as_mapping */
0, /* tp_hash */
0, /* tp_call */
0, /* tp_str */
PyObject_GenericGetAttr, /* tp_getattro */
PyObject_GenericSetAttr, /* tp_setattro */
0, /* tp_as_buffer */
Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC,/* tp_flags */
0, /* tp_doc */
(traverseproc)frame_traverse, /* tp_traverse */
(inquiry)frame_tp_clear, /* tp_clear */
0, /* tp_richcompare */
0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */
0, /* tp_iter */
0, /* tp_iternext */
frame_methods, /* tp_methods */
frame_memberlist, /* tp_members */
frame_getsetlist, /* tp_getset */
0, /* tp_base */
0, /* tp_dict */
};
static void
init_frame(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyFunctionObject *func, PyObject *locals)
{
PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
_PyFrame_Initialize(frame, (PyFunctionObject*)Py_NewRef(func),
Py_XNewRef(locals), code, 0);
frame->previous = NULL;
}
PyFrameObject*
_PyFrame_New_NoTrack(PyCodeObject *code)
{
CALL_STAT_INC(frame_objects_created);
int slots = code->co_nlocalsplus + code->co_stacksize;
PyFrameObject *f = PyObject_GC_NewVar(PyFrameObject, &PyFrame_Type, slots);
if (f == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
f->f_back = NULL;
f->f_trace = NULL;
f->f_trace_lines = 1;
f->f_trace_opcodes = 0;
f->f_fast_as_locals = 0;
f->f_lineno = 0;
return f;
}
/* Legacy API */
PyFrameObject*
PyFrame_New(PyThreadState *tstate, PyCodeObject *code,
PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals)
{
PyObject *builtins = _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(tstate, globals); // borrowed ref
if (builtins == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyFrameConstructor desc = {
.fc_globals = globals,
.fc_builtins = builtins,
.fc_name = code->co_name,
.fc_qualname = code->co_name,
.fc_code = (PyObject *)code,
.fc_defaults = NULL,
.fc_kwdefaults = NULL,
.fc_closure = NULL
};
PyFunctionObject *func = _PyFunction_FromConstructor(&desc);
if (func == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyFrameObject *f = _PyFrame_New_NoTrack(code);
if (f == NULL) {
Py_DECREF(func);
return NULL;
}
init_frame((_PyInterpreterFrame *)f->_f_frame_data, func, locals);
f->f_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)f->_f_frame_data;
f->f_frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_FRAME_OBJECT;
// This frame needs to be "complete", so pretend that the first RESUME ran:
f->f_frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(code) + code->_co_firsttraceable + 1;
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(f->f_frame));
Py_DECREF(func);
_PyObject_GC_TRACK(f);
return f;
}
static int
_PyFrame_OpAlreadyRan(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int opcode, int oparg)
{
// This only works when opcode is a non-quickened form:
assert(_PyOpcode_Deopt[opcode] == opcode);
int check_oparg = 0;
for (_Py_CODEUNIT *instruction = _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame));
instruction < frame->instr_ptr; instruction++)
{
int check_opcode = _PyOpcode_Deopt[instruction->op.code];
check_oparg |= instruction->op.arg;
if (check_opcode == opcode && check_oparg == oparg) {
return 1;
}
if (check_opcode == EXTENDED_ARG) {
check_oparg <<= 8;
}
else {
check_oparg = 0;
}
instruction += _PyOpcode_Caches[check_opcode];
}
return 0;
}
// Initialize frame free variables if needed
static void
frame_init_get_vars(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
{
// COPY_FREE_VARS has no quickened forms, so no need to use _PyOpcode_Deopt
// here:
PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
int lasti = _PyInterpreterFrame_LASTI(frame);
if (!(lasti < 0 && _PyCode_CODE(co)->op.code == COPY_FREE_VARS
&& PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj)))
{
/* Free vars are initialized */
return;
}
/* Free vars have not been initialized -- Do that */
PyObject *closure = ((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_closure;
int offset = PyCode_GetFirstFree(co);
for (int i = 0; i < co->co_nfreevars; ++i) {
PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
frame->localsplus[offset + i] = Py_NewRef(o);
}
// COPY_FREE_VARS doesn't have inline CACHEs, either:
frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame));
}
static int
frame_get_var(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, PyCodeObject *co, int i,
PyObject **pvalue)
{
_PyLocals_Kind kind = _PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i);
/* If the namespace is unoptimized, then one of the
following cases applies:
1. It does not contain free variables, because it
uses import * or is a top-level namespace.
2. It is a class namespace.
We don't want to accidentally copy free variables
into the locals dict used by the class.
*/
if (kind & CO_FAST_FREE && !(co->co_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED)) {
return 0;
}
PyObject *value = frame->localsplus[i];
if (frame->stacktop) {
if (kind & CO_FAST_FREE) {
// The cell was set by COPY_FREE_VARS.
assert(value != NULL && PyCell_Check(value));
value = PyCell_GET(value);
}
else if (kind & CO_FAST_CELL) {
// Note that no *_DEREF ops can happen before MAKE_CELL
// executes. So there's no need to duplicate the work
// that MAKE_CELL would otherwise do later, if it hasn't
// run yet.
if (value != NULL) {
if (PyCell_Check(value) &&
_PyFrame_OpAlreadyRan(frame, MAKE_CELL, i)) {
// (likely) MAKE_CELL must have executed already.
value = PyCell_GET(value);
}
// (likely) Otherwise it is an arg (kind & CO_FAST_LOCAL),
// with the initial value set when the frame was created...
// (unlikely) ...or it was set to some initial value by
// an earlier call to PyFrame_LocalsToFast().
}
}
}
else {
assert(value == NULL);
}
*pvalue = value;
return 1;
}
PyObject *
_PyFrame_GetLocals(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int include_hidden)
{
/* Merge fast locals into f->f_locals */
PyObject *locals = frame->f_locals;
if (locals == NULL) {
locals = frame->f_locals = PyDict_New();
if (locals == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
}
PyObject *hidden = NULL;
/* If include_hidden, "hidden" fast locals (from inlined comprehensions in
module/class scopes) will be included in the returned dict, but not in
frame->f_locals; the returned dict will be a modified copy. Non-hidden
locals will still be updated in frame->f_locals. */
if (include_hidden) {
hidden = PyDict_New();
if (hidden == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
}
frame_init_get_vars(frame);
PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
for (int i = 0; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
PyObject *value; // borrowed reference
if (!frame_get_var(frame, co, i, &value)) {
continue;
}
PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
_PyLocals_Kind kind = _PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i);
if (kind & CO_FAST_HIDDEN) {
if (include_hidden && value != NULL) {
if (PyObject_SetItem(hidden, name, value) != 0) {
goto error;
}
}
continue;
}
if (value == NULL) {
if (PyObject_DelItem(locals, name) != 0) {
if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) {
PyErr_Clear();
}
else {
goto error;
}
}
}
else {
if (PyObject_SetItem(locals, name, value) != 0) {
goto error;
}
}
}
if (include_hidden && PyDict_Size(hidden)) {
PyObject *innerlocals = PyDict_New();
if (innerlocals == NULL) {
goto error;
}
if (PyDict_Merge(innerlocals, locals, 1) != 0) {
Py_DECREF(innerlocals);
goto error;
}
if (PyDict_Merge(innerlocals, hidden, 1) != 0) {
Py_DECREF(innerlocals);
goto error;
}
locals = innerlocals;
}
else {
Py_INCREF(locals);
}
Py_CLEAR(hidden);
return locals;
error:
Py_XDECREF(hidden);
return NULL;
}
int
_PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame)
{
PyObject *locals = _PyFrame_GetLocals(frame, 0);
if (locals == NULL) {
return -1;
}
Py_DECREF(locals);
return 0;
}
PyObject *
PyFrame_GetVar(PyFrameObject *frame_obj, PyObject *name)
{
if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "name must be str, not %s",
Py_TYPE(name)->tp_name);
return NULL;
}
_PyInterpreterFrame *frame = frame_obj->f_frame;
frame_init_get_vars(frame);
PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
for (int i = 0; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
PyObject *var_name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
if (!_PyUnicode_Equal(var_name, name)) {
continue;
}
PyObject *value; // borrowed reference
if (!frame_get_var(frame, co, i, &value)) {
break;
}
if (value == NULL) {
break;
}
return Py_NewRef(value);
}
PyErr_Format(PyExc_NameError, "variable %R does not exist", name);
return NULL;
}
PyObject *
PyFrame_GetVarString(PyFrameObject *frame, const char *name)
{
PyObject *name_obj = PyUnicode_FromString(name);
if (name_obj == NULL) {
return NULL;
}
PyObject *value = PyFrame_GetVar(frame, name_obj);
Py_DECREF(name_obj);
return value;
}
int
PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError(PyFrameObject *f)
{
if (f == NULL) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return -1;
}
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(f->f_frame));
int err = _PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError(f->f_frame);
if (err == 0) {
f->f_fast_as_locals = 1;
}
return err;
}
void
PyFrame_FastToLocals(PyFrameObject *f)
{
int res;
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(f->f_frame));
assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
res = PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError(f);
if (res < 0)
PyErr_Clear();
}
void
_PyFrame_LocalsToFast(_PyInterpreterFrame *frame, int clear)
{
/* Merge locals into fast locals */
PyObject *locals;
PyObject **fast;
PyCodeObject *co;
locals = frame->f_locals;
if (locals == NULL) {
return;
}
fast = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(frame);
co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
PyObject *exc = PyErr_GetRaisedException();
for (int i = 0; i < co->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
_PyLocals_Kind kind = _PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i);
/* Same test as in PyFrame_FastToLocals() above. */
if (kind & CO_FAST_FREE && !(co->co_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED)) {
continue;
}
PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
PyObject *value = PyObject_GetItem(locals, name);
/* We only care about NULLs if clear is true. */
if (value == NULL) {
PyErr_Clear();
if (!clear) {
continue;
}
}
PyObject *oldvalue = fast[i];
PyObject *cell = NULL;
if (kind == CO_FAST_FREE) {
// The cell was set when the frame was created from
// the function's closure.
assert(oldvalue != NULL && PyCell_Check(oldvalue));
cell = oldvalue;
}
else if (kind & CO_FAST_CELL && oldvalue != NULL) {
/* Same test as in PyFrame_FastToLocals() above. */
if (PyCell_Check(oldvalue) &&
_PyFrame_OpAlreadyRan(frame, MAKE_CELL, i)) {
// (likely) MAKE_CELL must have executed already.
cell = oldvalue;
}
// (unlikely) Otherwise, it must have been set to some
// initial value by an earlier call to PyFrame_LocalsToFast().
}
if (cell != NULL) {
oldvalue = PyCell_GET(cell);
if (value != oldvalue) {
PyCell_SET(cell, Py_XNewRef(value));
Py_XDECREF(oldvalue);
}
}
else if (value != oldvalue) {
if (value == NULL) {
// Probably can't delete this, since the compiler's flow
// analysis may have already "proven" that it exists here:
const char *e = "assigning None to unbound local %R";
if (PyErr_WarnFormat(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, 0, e, name)) {
// It's okay if frame_obj is NULL, just try anyways:
PyErr_WriteUnraisable((PyObject *)frame->frame_obj);
}
value = Py_NewRef(Py_None);
}
Py_XSETREF(fast[i], Py_NewRef(value));
}
Py_XDECREF(value);
}
PyErr_SetRaisedException(exc);
}
void
PyFrame_LocalsToFast(PyFrameObject *f, int clear)
{
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(f->f_frame));
if (f && f->f_fast_as_locals && !frame_is_cleared(f)) {
_PyFrame_LocalsToFast(f->f_frame, clear);
f->f_fast_as_locals = 0;
}
}
int
_PyFrame_IsEntryFrame(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(frame != NULL);
_PyInterpreterFrame *f = frame->f_frame;
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(f));
return f->previous && f->previous->owner == FRAME_OWNED_BY_CSTACK;
}
PyCodeObject *
PyFrame_GetCode(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(frame != NULL);
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame->f_frame);
assert(code != NULL);
return (PyCodeObject*)Py_NewRef(code);
}
PyFrameObject*
PyFrame_GetBack(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(frame != NULL);
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
PyFrameObject *back = frame->f_back;
if (back == NULL) {
_PyInterpreterFrame *prev = frame->f_frame->previous;
prev = _PyFrame_GetFirstComplete(prev);
if (prev) {
back = _PyFrame_GetFrameObject(prev);
}
}
return (PyFrameObject*)Py_XNewRef(back);
}
PyObject*
PyFrame_GetLocals(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
return frame_getlocals(frame, NULL);
}
PyObject*
PyFrame_GetGlobals(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
return frame_getglobals(frame, NULL);
}
PyObject*
PyFrame_GetBuiltins(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
return frame_getbuiltins(frame, NULL);
}
int
PyFrame_GetLasti(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
int lasti = _PyInterpreterFrame_LASTI(frame->f_frame);
if (lasti < 0) {
return -1;
}
return lasti * sizeof(_Py_CODEUNIT);
}
PyObject *
PyFrame_GetGenerator(PyFrameObject *frame)
{
assert(!_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame->f_frame));
if (frame->f_frame->owner != FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR) {
return NULL;
}
PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame->f_frame);
return Py_NewRef(gen);
}
PyObject*
_PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *globals)
{
PyObject *builtins = PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__builtins__));
if (builtins) {
if (PyModule_Check(builtins)) {
builtins = _PyModule_GetDict(builtins);
assert(builtins != NULL);
}
return builtins;
}
if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
return NULL;
}
return _PyEval_GetBuiltins(tstate);
}
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