cpython/Lib/types.py

"""
Define names for built-in types that aren't directly accessible as a builtin.
"""
import sys

# Iterators in Python aren't a matter of type but of protocol.  A large
# and changing number of builtin types implement *some* flavor of
# iterator.  Don't check the type!  Use hasattr to check for both
# "__iter__" and "__next__" attributes instead.

def _f(): pass
FunctionType = type(_f)
LambdaType = type(lambda: None)         # Same as FunctionType
CodeType = type(_f.__code__)
MappingProxyType = type(type.__dict__)
SimpleNamespace = type(sys.implementation)

def _g():
    yield 1
GeneratorType = type(_g())

class _C:
    def _m(self): pass
MethodType = type(_C()._m)

BuiltinFunctionType = type(len)
BuiltinMethodType = type([].append)     # Same as BuiltinFunctionType

ModuleType = type(sys)

try:
    raise TypeError
except TypeError:
    tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
    TracebackType = type(tb)
    FrameType = type(tb.tb_frame)
    tb = None; del tb

# For Jython, the following two types are identical
GetSetDescriptorType = type(FunctionType.__code__)
MemberDescriptorType = type(FunctionType.__globals__)

del sys, _f, _g, _C,                              # Not for export


# Provide a PEP 3115 compliant mechanism for class creation
def new_class(name, bases=(), kwds=None, exec_body=None):
    """Create a class object dynamically using the appropriate metaclass."""
    meta, ns, kwds = prepare_class(name, bases, kwds)
    if exec_body is not None:
        exec_body(ns)
    return meta(name, bases, ns, **kwds)

def prepare_class(name, bases=(), kwds=None):
    """Call the __prepare__ method of the appropriate metaclass.

    Returns (metaclass, namespace, kwds) as a 3-tuple

    *metaclass* is the appropriate metaclass
    *namespace* is the prepared class namespace
    *kwds* is an updated copy of the passed in kwds argument with any
    'metaclass' entry removed. If no kwds argument is passed in, this will
    be an empty dict.
    """
    if kwds is None:
        kwds = {}
    else:
        kwds = dict(kwds) # Don't alter the provided mapping
    if 'metaclass' in kwds:
        meta = kwds.pop('metaclass')
    else:
        if bases:
            meta = type(bases[0])
        else:
            meta = type
    if isinstance(meta, type):
        # when meta is a type, we first determine the most-derived metaclass
        # instead of invoking the initial candidate directly
        meta = _calculate_meta(meta, bases)
    if hasattr(meta, '__prepare__'):
        ns = meta.__prepare__(name, bases, **kwds)
    else:
        ns = {}
    return meta, ns, kwds

def _calculate_meta(meta, bases):
    """Calculate the most derived metaclass."""
    winner = meta
    for base in bases:
        base_meta = type(base)
        if issubclass(winner, base_meta):
            continue
        if issubclass(base_meta, winner):
            winner = base_meta
            continue
        # else:
        raise TypeError("metaclass conflict: "
                        "the metaclass of a derived class "
                        "must be a (non-strict) subclass "
                        "of the metaclasses of all its bases")
    return winner

class DynamicClassAttribute:
    """Route attribute access on a class to __getattr__.

    This is a descriptor, used to define attributes that act differently when
    accessed through an instance and through a class.  Instance access remains
    normal, but access to an attribute through a class will be routed to the
    class's __getattr__ method; this is done by raising AttributeError.

    This allows one to have properties active on an instance, and have virtual
    attributes on the class with the same name (see Enum for an example).

    """
    def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):
        self.fget = fget
        self.fset = fset
        self.fdel = fdel
        # next two lines make DynamicClassAttribute act the same as property
        self.__doc__ = doc or fget.__doc__
        self.overwrite_doc = doc is None
        # support for abstract methods
        self.__isabstractmethod__ = bool(getattr(fget, '__isabstractmethod__', False))

    def __get__(self, instance, ownerclass=None):
        if instance is None:
            if self.__isabstractmethod__:
                return self
            raise AttributeError()
        elif self.fget is None:
            raise AttributeError("unreadable attribute")
        return self.fget(instance)

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if self.fset is None:
            raise AttributeError("can't set attribute")
        self.fset(instance, value)

    def __delete__(self, instance):
        if self.fdel is None:
            raise AttributeError("can't delete attribute")
        self.fdel(instance)

    def getter(self, fget):
        fdoc = fget.__doc__ if self.overwrite_doc else None
        result = type(self)(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, fdoc or self.__doc__)
        result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
        return result

    def setter(self, fset):
        result = type(self)(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
        result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
        return result

    def deleter(self, fdel):
        result = type(self)(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)
        result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
        return result