mirror of
https://github.com/python/cpython.git
synced 2024-11-28 16:45:42 +01:00
1947991c2f
checkin of myformat.sty.
Change "\renewcommand{\indexsubitem}{(...)}" to "\setindexsubitem{(...)}"
everywhere.
Some other minor nits that I happened to come across.
112 lines
4.3 KiB
TeX
112 lines
4.3 KiB
TeX
\section{Standard Module \sectcode{os}}
|
|
\label{module-os}
|
|
|
|
\stmodindex{os}
|
|
This module provides a more portable way of using operating system
|
|
(OS) dependent functionality than importing an OS dependent built-in
|
|
module like \code{posix}.
|
|
|
|
When the optional built-in module \code{posix} is available, this
|
|
module exports the same functions and data as \code{posix}; otherwise,
|
|
it searches for an OS dependent built-in module like \code{mac} and
|
|
exports the same functions and data as found there. The design of all
|
|
Python's built-in OS dependent modules is such that as long as the same
|
|
functionality is available, it uses the same interface; e.g., the
|
|
function \code{os.stat(\var{file})} returns stat info about a \var{file} in a
|
|
format compatible with the \POSIX{} interface.
|
|
|
|
Extensions peculiar to a particular OS are also available through the
|
|
\code{os} module, but using them is of course a threat to portability!
|
|
|
|
Note that after the first time \code{os} is imported, there is \emph{no}
|
|
performance penalty in using functions from \code{os} instead of
|
|
directly from the OS dependent built-in module, so there should be
|
|
\emph{no} reason not to use \code{os}!
|
|
|
|
In addition to whatever the correct OS dependent module exports, the
|
|
following variables and functions are always exported by \code{os}:
|
|
|
|
\setindexsubitem{(in module os)}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{name}
|
|
The name of the OS dependent module imported. The following names
|
|
have currently been registered: \code{'posix'}, \code{'nt'},
|
|
\code{'dos'}, \code{'mac'}.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{path}
|
|
The corresponding OS dependent standard module for pathname
|
|
operations, e.g., \code{posixpath} or \code{macpath}. Thus, (given
|
|
the proper imports), \code{os.path.split(\var{file})} is equivalent to but
|
|
more portable than \code{posixpath.split(\var{file})}.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{curdir}
|
|
The constant string used by the OS to refer to the current directory,
|
|
e.g. \code{'.'} for \POSIX{} or \code{':'} for the Mac.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{pardir}
|
|
The constant string used by the OS to refer to the parent directory,
|
|
e.g. \code{'..'} for \POSIX{} or \code{'::'} for the Mac.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{sep}
|
|
The character used by the OS to separate pathname components,
|
|
e.g. \code{'/'} for \POSIX{} or \code{':'} for the Mac. Note that
|
|
knowing this is not sufficient to be able to parse or concatenate
|
|
pathnames --- better use \code{os.path.split()} and
|
|
\code{os.path.join()}---but it is occasionally useful.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{altsep}
|
|
An alternative character used by the OS to separate pathname components,
|
|
or \code{None} if only one separator character exists. This is set to
|
|
\code{'/'} on DOS/Windows systems where \code{sep} is a backslash.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{pathsep}
|
|
The character conventionally used by the OS to separate search patch
|
|
components (as in \code{\$PATH}), e.g.\ \code{':'} for \POSIX{} or
|
|
\code{';'} for MS-DOS.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{datadesc}{defpath}
|
|
The default search path used by \code{os.exec*p*()} if the environment
|
|
doesn't have a \code{'PATH'} key.
|
|
\end{datadesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{execl}{path\, arg0\, arg1\, ...}
|
|
This is equivalent to
|
|
\code{os.execv(\var{path}, (\var{arg0}, \var{arg1}, ...))}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{execle}{path\, arg0\, arg1\, ...\, env}
|
|
This is equivalent to
|
|
\code{os.execve(\var{path}, (\var{arg0}, \var{arg1}, ...), \var{env})}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{execlp}{path\, arg0\, arg1\, ...}
|
|
This is equivalent to
|
|
\code{os.execvp(\var{path}, (\var{arg0}, \var{arg1}, ...))}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{execvp}{path\, args}
|
|
This is like \code{os.execv(\var{path}, \var{args})} but duplicates
|
|
the shell's actions in searching for an executable file in a list of
|
|
directories. The directory list is obtained from
|
|
\code{os.environ['PATH']}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
\begin{funcdesc}{execvpe}{path\, args\, env}
|
|
This is a cross between \code{os.execve()} and \code{os.execvp()}.
|
|
The directory list is obtained from \code{\var{env}['PATH']}.
|
|
\end{funcdesc}
|
|
|
|
(The functions \code{os.execv()} and \code{execve()} are not
|
|
documented here, since they are implemented by the OS dependent
|
|
module. If the OS dependent module doesn't define either of these,
|
|
the functions that rely on it will raise an exception. They are
|
|
documented in the section on module \code{posix}, together with all
|
|
other functions that \code{os} imports from the OS dependent module.)
|