"""Class based built-in exception hierarchy. This is an experimental new feature whereby all the standard built-in exceptions, traditionally string object, are replaced with classes. This gives Python's exception handling mechanism a more object-oriented feel. Most existing code should continue to work with class based exceptions. Some tricky uses of IOError may break, but the most common uses should work. To use this new feature, start the python executable with the -X option. Here is a rundown of the class hierarchy. You can change this by editing this file, but it isn't recommended. The classes with a `*' are new with this feature and are not available unless class based exceptions are used. StandardError(*) | +-- SystemExit +-- KeyboardInterrupt +-- ImportError +-- IOError +-- EOFError +-- RuntimeError +-- NameError +-- AttributeError +-- SyntaxError +-- TypeError +-- AssertionError +-- LookupError(*) | | | +-- IndexError | +-- KeyError | +-- NumberError(*) | | | +-- OverflowError | +-- ZeroDivisionError | +-- FloatingPointError | +-- ValueError +-- SystemError +-- MemoryError """ class StandardError: def __init__(self, *args): if len(args) == 0: self.args = None elif len(args) == 1: # de-tuplify self.args = args[0] else: self.args = args def __str__(self): if self.args == None: return '' else: return str(self.args) def __getitem__(self, i): if type(self.args) == type(()): return self.args[i] elif i == 0: return self.args else: raise IndexError class SyntaxError(StandardError): filename = lineno = offset = text = None def __init__(self, msg, info=None): self.msg = msg if info: self.args = msg else: self.args = (msg, info) if info: self.filename, self.lineno, self.offset, self.text = info def __str__(self): return str(self.msg) class IOError(StandardError): def __init__(self, *args): self.errno = None self.strerror = None if len(args) == 1: # de-tuplify self.args = args[0] elif len(args) == 2: # common case: PyErr_SetFromErrno() self.args = args self.errno = args[0] self.strerror = args[1] else: self.args = args class RuntimeError(StandardError): pass class SystemError(StandardError): pass class EOFError(StandardError): pass class ImportError(StandardError): pass class TypeError(StandardError): pass class ValueError(StandardError): pass class KeyboardInterrupt(StandardError): pass class AssertionError(StandardError): pass class NumberError(StandardError): pass class OverflowError(NumberError): pass class FloatingPointError(NumberError): pass class ZeroDivisionError(NumberError): pass class LookupError(StandardError): pass class IndexError(LookupError): pass class KeyError(LookupError): pass # debate: should these two inherit from LookupError? class AttributeError(StandardError): pass class NameError(StandardError): pass class SystemExit(StandardError): def __init__(self, *args): if len(args) == 0: self.args = None elif len(args) == 1: # de-tuplify self.args = args[0] else: self.args = args self.code = self.args class MemoryError(StandardError): pass