import os import copy import pickle import platform import subprocess import sys import unittest from unittest import mock from test import support from test.support import os_helper try: # Some of the iOS tests need ctypes to operate. # Confirm that the ctypes module is available # is available. import _ctypes except ImportError: _ctypes = None FEDORA_OS_RELEASE = """\ NAME=Fedora VERSION="32 (Thirty Two)" ID=fedora VERSION_ID=32 VERSION_CODENAME="" PLATFORM_ID="platform:f32" PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 32 (Thirty Two)" ANSI_COLOR="0;34" LOGO=fedora-logo-icon CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:32" HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/" DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f32/system-administrators-guide/" SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/" REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora" REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=32 REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=32 PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy" """ UBUNTU_OS_RELEASE = """\ NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="20.04.1 LTS (Focal Fossa)" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS" VERSION_ID="20.04" HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" VERSION_CODENAME=focal UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal """ TEST_OS_RELEASE = r""" # test data ID_LIKE="egg spam viking" EMPTY= # comments and empty lines are ignored SINGLE_QUOTE='single' EMPTY_SINGLE='' DOUBLE_QUOTE="double" EMPTY_DOUBLE="" QUOTES="double\'s" SPECIALS="\$\`\\\'\"" # invalid lines =invalid = INVALID IN-VALID=value IN VALID=value """ class PlatformTest(unittest.TestCase): def clear_caches(self): platform._platform_cache.clear() platform._sys_version_cache.clear() platform._uname_cache = None platform._os_release_cache = None def test_invalidate_caches(self): self.clear_caches() self.assertDictEqual(platform._platform_cache, {}) self.assertDictEqual(platform._sys_version_cache, {}) self.assertIsNone(platform._uname_cache) self.assertIsNone(platform._os_release_cache) # fill the cached entries (some have side effects on others) platform.platform() # for platform._platform_cache platform.python_implementation() # for platform._sys_version_cache platform.uname() # for platform._uname_cache # check that the cache are filled self.assertNotEqual(platform._platform_cache, {}) self.assertNotEqual(platform._sys_version_cache, {}) self.assertIsNotNone(platform._uname_cache) try: platform.freedesktop_os_release() except OSError: self.assertIsNone(platform._os_release_cache) else: self.assertIsNotNone(platform._os_release_cache) with self.subTest('clear platform caches'): platform.invalidate_caches() self.assertDictEqual(platform._platform_cache, {}) self.assertDictEqual(platform._sys_version_cache, {}) self.assertIsNone(platform._uname_cache) self.assertIsNone(platform._os_release_cache) def test_architecture(self): res = platform.architecture() @os_helper.skip_unless_symlink @support.requires_subprocess() def test_architecture_via_symlink(self): # issue3762 with support.PythonSymlink() as py: cmd = "-c", "import platform; print(platform.architecture())" self.assertEqual(py.call_real(*cmd), py.call_link(*cmd)) def test_platform(self): for aliased in (False, True): for terse in (False, True): res = platform.platform(aliased, terse) def test_system(self): res = platform.system() def test_node(self): res = platform.node() def test_release(self): res = platform.release() def test_version(self): res = platform.version() def test_machine(self): res = platform.machine() def test_processor(self): res = platform.processor() def setUp(self): self.save_version = sys.version self.save_git = sys._git self.save_platform = sys.platform def tearDown(self): sys.version = self.save_version sys._git = self.save_git sys.platform = self.save_platform def test_sys_version(self): # Old test. for input, output in ( ('2.4.3 (#1, Jun 21 2006, 13:54:21) \n[GCC 3.3.4 (pre 3.3.5 20040809)]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', '1', 'Jun 21 2006 13:54:21', 'GCC 3.3.4 (pre 3.3.5 20040809)')), ('2.4.3 (truncation, date, t) \n[GCC]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', 'truncation', 'date t', 'GCC')), ('2.4.3 (truncation, date, ) \n[GCC]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', 'truncation', 'date', 'GCC')), ('2.4.3 (truncation, date,) \n[GCC]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', 'truncation', 'date', 'GCC')), ('2.4.3 (truncation, date) \n[GCC]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', 'truncation', 'date', 'GCC')), ('2.4.3 (truncation, d) \n[GCC]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', 'truncation', 'd', 'GCC')), ('2.4.3 (truncation, ) \n[GCC]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', 'truncation', '', 'GCC')), ('2.4.3 (truncation,) \n[GCC]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', 'truncation', '', 'GCC')), ('2.4.3 (truncation) \n[GCC]', ('CPython', '2.4.3', '', '', 'truncation', '', 'GCC')), ): # branch and revision are not "parsed", but fetched # from sys._git. Ignore them (name, version, branch, revision, buildno, builddate, compiler) \ = platform._sys_version(input) self.assertEqual( (name, version, '', '', buildno, builddate, compiler), output) # Tests for python_implementation(), python_version(), python_branch(), # python_revision(), python_build(), and python_compiler(). sys_versions = { ("2.6.1 (r261:67515, Dec 6 2008, 15:26:00) \n[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5370)]", ('CPython', 'tags/r261', '67515'), self.save_platform) : ("CPython", "2.6.1", "tags/r261", "67515", ('r261:67515', 'Dec 6 2008 15:26:00'), 'GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5370)'), ("3.10.8 (tags/v3.10.8:aaaf517424, Feb 14 2023, 16:28:12) [GCC 9.4.0]", None, "linux") : ('CPython', '3.10.8', '', '', ('tags/v3.10.8:aaaf517424', 'Feb 14 2023 16:28:12'), 'GCC 9.4.0'), ("2.5 (trunk:6107, Mar 26 2009, 13:02:18) \n[Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (\"Apple Computer, Inc.\")]", ('Jython', 'trunk', '6107'), "java1.5.0_16") : ("Jython", "2.5.0", "trunk", "6107", ('trunk:6107', 'Mar 26 2009'), "java1.5.0_16"), ("2.5.2 (63378, Mar 26 2009, 18:03:29)\n[PyPy 1.0.0]", ('PyPy', 'trunk', '63378'), self.save_platform) : ("PyPy", "2.5.2", "trunk", "63378", ('63378', 'Mar 26 2009'), "") } for (version_tag, scm, sys_platform), info in \ sys_versions.items(): sys.version = version_tag if scm is None: if hasattr(sys, "_git"): del sys._git else: sys._git = scm if sys_platform is not None: sys.platform = sys_platform self.assertEqual(platform.python_implementation(), info[0]) self.assertEqual(platform.python_version(), info[1]) self.assertEqual(platform.python_branch(), info[2]) self.assertEqual(platform.python_revision(), info[3]) self.assertEqual(platform.python_build(), info[4]) self.assertEqual(platform.python_compiler(), info[5]) with self.assertRaises(ValueError): platform._sys_version('2. 4.3 (truncation) \n[GCC]') def test_system_alias(self): res = platform.system_alias( platform.system(), platform.release(), platform.version(), ) def test_uname(self): res = platform.uname() self.assertTrue(any(res)) self.assertEqual(res[0], res.system) self.assertEqual(res[-6], res.system) self.assertEqual(res[1], res.node) self.assertEqual(res[-5], res.node) self.assertEqual(res[2], res.release) self.assertEqual(res[-4], res.release) self.assertEqual(res[3], res.version) self.assertEqual(res[-3], res.version) self.assertEqual(res[4], res.machine) self.assertEqual(res[-2], res.machine) self.assertEqual(res[5], res.processor) self.assertEqual(res[-1], res.processor) self.assertEqual(len(res), 6) if os.name == "posix": uname = os.uname() self.assertEqual(res.node, uname.nodename) self.assertEqual(res.version, uname.version) self.assertEqual(res.machine, uname.machine) if sys.platform == "android": self.assertEqual(res.system, "Android") self.assertEqual(res.release, platform.android_ver().release) elif sys.platform == "ios": # Platform module needs ctypes for full operation. If ctypes # isn't available, there's no ObjC module, and dummy values are # returned. if _ctypes: self.assertIn(res.system, {"iOS", "iPadOS"}) self.assertEqual(res.release, platform.ios_ver().release) else: self.assertEqual(res.system, "") self.assertEqual(res.release, "") else: self.assertEqual(res.system, uname.sysname) self.assertEqual(res.release, uname.release) @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith('win'), "windows only test") def test_uname_win32_without_wmi(self): def raises_oserror(*a): raise OSError() with support.swap_attr(platform, '_wmi_query', raises_oserror): self.test_uname() def test_uname_cast_to_tuple(self): res = platform.uname() expected = ( res.system, res.node, res.release, res.version, res.machine, res.processor, ) self.assertEqual(tuple(res), expected) def test_uname_replace(self): res = platform.uname() new = res._replace( system='system', node='node', release='release', version='version', machine='machine') self.assertEqual(new.system, 'system') self.assertEqual(new.node, 'node') self.assertEqual(new.release, 'release') self.assertEqual(new.version, 'version') self.assertEqual(new.machine, 'machine') # processor cannot be replaced self.assertEqual(new.processor, res.processor) def test_uname_copy(self): uname = platform.uname() self.assertEqual(copy.copy(uname), uname) self.assertEqual(copy.deepcopy(uname), uname) def test_uname_pickle(self): orig = platform.uname() for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1): with self.subTest(protocol=proto): pickled = pickle.dumps(orig, proto) restored = pickle.loads(pickled) self.assertEqual(restored, orig) def test_uname_slices(self): res = platform.uname() expected = tuple(res) self.assertEqual(res[:], expected) self.assertEqual(res[:5], expected[:5]) def test_uname_fields(self): self.assertIn('processor', platform.uname()._fields) def test_uname_asdict(self): res = platform.uname()._asdict() self.assertEqual(len(res), 6) self.assertIn('processor', res) @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform in ['win32', 'OpenVMS'], "uname -p not used") @support.requires_subprocess() def test_uname_processor(self): """ On some systems, the processor must match the output of 'uname -p'. See Issue 35967 for rationale. """ try: proc_res = subprocess.check_output(['uname', '-p'], text=True).strip() expect = platform._unknown_as_blank(proc_res) except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError): expect = '' self.assertEqual(platform.uname().processor, expect) @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith('win'), "windows only test") def test_uname_win32_ARCHITEW6432(self): # Issue 7860: make sure we get architecture from the correct variable # on 64 bit Windows: if PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432 exists we should be # using it, per # http://blogs.msdn.com/david.wang/archive/2006/03/26/HOWTO-Detect-Process-Bitness.aspx # We also need to suppress WMI checks, as those are reliable and # overrule the environment variables def raises_oserror(*a): raise OSError() with support.swap_attr(platform, '_wmi_query', raises_oserror): with os_helper.EnvironmentVarGuard() as environ: try: if 'PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432' in environ: del environ['PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432'] environ['PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE'] = 'foo' platform._uname_cache = None system, node, release, version, machine, processor = platform.uname() self.assertEqual(machine, 'foo') environ['PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432'] = 'bar' platform._uname_cache = None system, node, release, version, machine, processor = platform.uname() self.assertEqual(machine, 'bar') finally: platform._uname_cache = None def test_java_ver(self): import re msg = re.escape( "'java_ver' is deprecated and slated for removal in Python 3.15" ) with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, msg): res = platform.java_ver() self.assertEqual(len(res), 4) @unittest.skipUnless(support.MS_WINDOWS, 'This test only makes sense on Windows') def test_win32_ver(self): release1, version1, csd1, ptype1 = 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd' res = platform.win32_ver(release1, version1, csd1, ptype1) self.assertEqual(len(res), 4) release, version, csd, ptype = res if release: # Currently, release names always come from internal dicts, # but this could change over time. For now, we just check that # release is something different from what we have passed. self.assertNotEqual(release, release1) if version: # It is rather hard to test explicit version without # going deep into the details. self.assertIn('.', version) for v in version.split('.'): int(v) # should not fail if csd: self.assertTrue(csd.startswith('SP'), msg=csd) if ptype: if os.cpu_count() > 1: self.assertIn('Multiprocessor', ptype) else: self.assertIn('Uniprocessor', ptype) @unittest.skipIf(support.MS_WINDOWS, 'This test only makes sense on non Windows') def test_win32_ver_on_non_windows(self): release, version, csd, ptype = 'a', '1.0', 'c', 'd' res = platform.win32_ver(release, version, csd, ptype) self.assertSequenceEqual(res, (release, version, csd, ptype), seq_type=tuple) def test_mac_ver(self): res = platform.mac_ver() if platform.uname().system == 'Darwin': # We are on a macOS system, check that the right version # information is returned output = subprocess.check_output(['sw_vers'], text=True) for line in output.splitlines(): if line.startswith('ProductVersion:'): real_ver = line.strip().split()[-1] break else: self.fail(f"failed to parse sw_vers output: {output!r}") result_list = res[0].split('.') expect_list = real_ver.split('.') len_diff = len(result_list) - len(expect_list) # On Snow Leopard, sw_vers reports 10.6.0 as 10.6 if len_diff > 0: expect_list.extend(['0'] * len_diff) # For compatibility with older binaries, macOS 11.x may report # itself as '10.16' rather than '11.x.y'. if result_list != ['10', '16']: self.assertEqual(result_list, expect_list) # res[1] claims to contain # (version, dev_stage, non_release_version) # That information is no longer available self.assertEqual(res[1], ('', '', '')) if sys.byteorder == 'little': self.assertIn(res[2], ('i386', 'x86_64', 'arm64')) else: self.assertEqual(res[2], 'PowerPC') @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'darwin', "OSX only test") def test_mac_ver_with_fork(self): # Issue7895: platform.mac_ver() crashes when using fork without exec # # This test checks that the fix for that issue works. # pid = os.fork() if pid == 0: # child info = platform.mac_ver() os._exit(0) else: # parent support.wait_process(pid, exitcode=0) def test_ios_ver(self): result = platform.ios_ver() # ios_ver is only fully available on iOS where ctypes is available. if sys.platform == "ios" and _ctypes: system, release, model, is_simulator = result # Result is a namedtuple self.assertEqual(result.system, system) self.assertEqual(result.release, release) self.assertEqual(result.model, model) self.assertEqual(result.is_simulator, is_simulator) # We can't assert specific values without reproducing the logic of # ios_ver(), so we check that the values are broadly what we expect. # System is either iOS or iPadOS, depending on the test device self.assertIn(system, {"iOS", "iPadOS"}) # Release is a numeric version specifier with at least 2 parts parts = release.split(".") self.assertGreaterEqual(len(parts), 2) self.assertTrue(all(part.isdigit() for part in parts)) # If this is a simulator, we get a high level device descriptor # with no identifying model number. If this is a physical device, # we get a model descriptor like "iPhone13,1" if is_simulator: self.assertIn(model, {"iPhone", "iPad"}) else: self.assertTrue( (model.startswith("iPhone") or model.startswith("iPad")) and "," in model ) self.assertEqual(type(is_simulator), bool) else: # On non-iOS platforms, calling ios_ver doesn't fail; you get # default values self.assertEqual(result.system, "") self.assertEqual(result.release, "") self.assertEqual(result.model, "") self.assertFalse(result.is_simulator) # Check the fallback values can be overridden by arguments override = platform.ios_ver("Foo", "Bar", "Whiz", True) self.assertEqual(override.system, "Foo") self.assertEqual(override.release, "Bar") self.assertEqual(override.model, "Whiz") self.assertTrue(override.is_simulator) @unittest.skipIf(support.is_emscripten, "Does not apply to Emscripten") def test_libc_ver(self): # check that libc_ver(executable) doesn't raise an exception if os.path.isdir(sys.executable) and \ os.path.exists(sys.executable+'.exe'): # Cygwin horror executable = sys.executable + '.exe' elif sys.platform == "win32" and not os.path.exists(sys.executable): # App symlink appears to not exist, but we want the # real executable here anyway import _winapi executable = _winapi.GetModuleFileName(0) else: executable = sys.executable platform.libc_ver(executable) filename = os_helper.TESTFN self.addCleanup(os_helper.unlink, filename) with mock.patch('os.confstr', create=True, return_value='mock 1.0'): # test os.confstr() code path self.assertEqual(platform.libc_ver(), ('mock', '1.0')) # test the different regular expressions for data, expected in ( (b'__libc_init', ('libc', '')), (b'GLIBC_2.9', ('glibc', '2.9')), (b'libc.so.1.2.5', ('libc', '1.2.5')), (b'libc_pthread.so.1.2.5', ('libc', '1.2.5_pthread')), (b'', ('', '')), ): with open(filename, 'wb') as fp: fp.write(b'[xxx%sxxx]' % data) fp.flush() # os.confstr() must not be used if executable is set self.assertEqual(platform.libc_ver(executable=filename), expected) # binary containing multiple versions: get the most recent, # make sure that 1.9 is seen as older than 1.23.4 chunksize = 16384 with open(filename, 'wb') as f: # test match at chunk boundary f.write(b'x'*(chunksize - 10)) f.write(b'GLIBC_1.23.4\0GLIBC_1.9\0GLIBC_1.21\0') self.assertEqual(platform.libc_ver(filename, chunksize=chunksize), ('glibc', '1.23.4')) def test_android_ver(self): res = platform.android_ver() self.assertIsInstance(res, tuple) self.assertEqual(res, (res.release, res.api_level, res.manufacturer, res.model, res.device, res.is_emulator)) if sys.platform == "android": for name in ["release", "manufacturer", "model", "device"]: with self.subTest(name): value = getattr(res, name) self.assertIsInstance(value, str) self.assertNotEqual(value, "") self.assertIsInstance(res.api_level, int) self.assertGreaterEqual(res.api_level, sys.getandroidapilevel()) self.assertIsInstance(res.is_emulator, bool) # When not running on Android, it should return the default values. else: self.assertEqual(res.release, "") self.assertEqual(res.api_level, 0) self.assertEqual(res.manufacturer, "") self.assertEqual(res.model, "") self.assertEqual(res.device, "") self.assertEqual(res.is_emulator, False) # Default values may also be overridden using parameters. res = platform.android_ver( "alpha", 1, "bravo", "charlie", "delta", True) self.assertEqual(res.release, "alpha") self.assertEqual(res.api_level, 1) self.assertEqual(res.manufacturer, "bravo") self.assertEqual(res.model, "charlie") self.assertEqual(res.device, "delta") self.assertEqual(res.is_emulator, True) @support.cpython_only def test__comparable_version(self): from platform import _comparable_version as V self.assertEqual(V('1.2.3'), V('1.2.3')) self.assertLess(V('1.2.3'), V('1.2.10')) self.assertEqual(V('1.2.3.4'), V('1_2-3+4')) self.assertLess(V('1.2spam'), V('1.2dev')) self.assertLess(V('1.2dev'), V('1.2alpha')) self.assertLess(V('1.2dev'), V('1.2a')) self.assertLess(V('1.2alpha'), V('1.2beta')) self.assertLess(V('1.2a'), V('1.2b')) self.assertLess(V('1.2beta'), V('1.2c')) self.assertLess(V('1.2b'), V('1.2c')) self.assertLess(V('1.2c'), V('1.2RC')) self.assertLess(V('1.2c'), V('1.2rc')) self.assertLess(V('1.2RC'), V('1.2.0')) self.assertLess(V('1.2rc'), V('1.2.0')) self.assertLess(V('1.2.0'), V('1.2pl')) self.assertLess(V('1.2.0'), V('1.2p')) self.assertLess(V('1.5.1'), V('1.5.2b2')) self.assertLess(V('3.10a'), V('161')) self.assertEqual(V('8.02'), V('8.02')) self.assertLess(V('3.4j'), V('1996.07.12')) self.assertLess(V('3.1.1.6'), V('3.2.pl0')) self.assertLess(V('2g6'), V('11g')) self.assertLess(V('0.9'), V('2.2')) self.assertLess(V('1.2'), V('1.2.1')) self.assertLess(V('1.1'), V('1.2.2')) self.assertLess(V('1.1'), V('1.2')) self.assertLess(V('1.2.1'), V('1.2.2')) self.assertLess(V('1.2'), V('1.2.2')) self.assertLess(V('0.4'), V('0.4.0')) self.assertLess(V('1.13++'), V('5.5.kw')) self.assertLess(V('0.960923'), V('2.2beta29')) def test_macos(self): self.addCleanup(self.clear_caches) uname = ('Darwin', 'hostname', '17.7.0', ('Darwin Kernel Version 17.7.0: ' 'Thu Jun 21 22:53:14 PDT 2018; ' 'root:xnu-4570.71.2~1/RELEASE_X86_64'), 'x86_64', 'i386') arch = ('64bit', '') with mock.patch.object(sys, "platform", "darwin"), \ mock.patch.object(platform, 'uname', return_value=uname), \ mock.patch.object(platform, 'architecture', return_value=arch): for mac_ver, expected_terse, expected in [ # darwin: mac_ver() returns empty strings (('', '', ''), 'Darwin-17.7.0', 'Darwin-17.7.0-x86_64-i386-64bit'), # macOS: mac_ver() returns macOS version (('10.13.6', ('', '', ''), 'x86_64'), 'macOS-10.13.6', 'macOS-10.13.6-x86_64-i386-64bit'), ]: with mock.patch.object(platform, 'mac_ver', return_value=mac_ver): self.clear_caches() self.assertEqual(platform.platform(terse=1), expected_terse) self.assertEqual(platform.platform(), expected) def test_freedesktop_os_release(self): self.addCleanup(self.clear_caches) self.clear_caches() if any(os.path.isfile(fn) for fn in platform._os_release_candidates): info = platform.freedesktop_os_release() self.assertIn("NAME", info) self.assertIn("ID", info) info["CPYTHON_TEST"] = "test" self.assertNotIn( "CPYTHON_TEST", platform.freedesktop_os_release() ) else: with self.assertRaises(OSError): platform.freedesktop_os_release() def test_parse_os_release(self): info = platform._parse_os_release(FEDORA_OS_RELEASE.splitlines()) self.assertEqual(info["NAME"], "Fedora") self.assertEqual(info["ID"], "fedora") self.assertNotIn("ID_LIKE", info) self.assertEqual(info["VERSION_CODENAME"], "") info = platform._parse_os_release(UBUNTU_OS_RELEASE.splitlines()) self.assertEqual(info["NAME"], "Ubuntu") self.assertEqual(info["ID"], "ubuntu") self.assertEqual(info["ID_LIKE"], "debian") self.assertEqual(info["VERSION_CODENAME"], "focal") info = platform._parse_os_release(TEST_OS_RELEASE.splitlines()) expected = { "ID": "linux", "NAME": "Linux", "PRETTY_NAME": "Linux", "ID_LIKE": "egg spam viking", "EMPTY": "", "DOUBLE_QUOTE": "double", "EMPTY_DOUBLE": "", "SINGLE_QUOTE": "single", "EMPTY_SINGLE": "", "QUOTES": "double's", "SPECIALS": "$`\\'\"", } self.assertEqual(info, expected) self.assertEqual(len(info["SPECIALS"]), 5) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()