diff --git a/Doc/c-api/module.rst b/Doc/c-api/module.rst
index 979b22261ef..86308d921f4 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/module.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/module.rst
@@ -411,6 +411,31 @@ The available slot types are:
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.12
 
+.. c:macro:: Py_mod_gil
+
+   Specifies one of the following values:
+
+   .. c:macro:: Py_MOD_GIL_USED
+
+      The module depends on the presence of the global interpreter lock (GIL),
+      and may access global state without synchronization.
+
+   .. c:macro:: Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED
+
+      The module is safe to run without an active GIL.
+
+   This slot is ignored by Python builds not configured with
+   :option:`--disable-gil`.  Otherwise, it determines whether or not importing
+   this module will cause the GIL to be automatically enabled. See
+   :envvar:`PYTHON_GIL` and :option:`-X gil <-X>` for more detail.
+
+   Multiple ``Py_mod_gil`` slots may not be specified in one module definition.
+
+   If ``Py_mod_gil`` is not specified, the import machinery defaults to
+   ``Py_MOD_GIL_USED``.
+
+   .. versionadded: 3.13
+
 See :PEP:`489` for more details on multi-phase initialization.
 
 Low-level module creation functions
@@ -609,6 +634,19 @@ state:
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.9
 
+.. c:function:: int PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(PyObject *module, void *gil)
+
+   Indicate that *module* does or does not support running without the global
+   interpreter lock (GIL), using one of the values from
+   :c:macro:`Py_mod_gil`. It must be called during *module*'s initialization
+   function. If this function is not called during module initialization, the
+   import machinery assumes the module does not support running without the
+   GIL. This function is only available in Python builds configured with
+   :option:`--disable-gil`.
+   Return ``-1`` on error, ``0`` on success.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.13
+
 
 Module lookup
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_moduleobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_moduleobject.h
index 5644bbe5e05..049677b292e 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_moduleobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_moduleobject.h
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *md_weaklist;
     // for logging purposes after md_dict is cleared
     PyObject *md_name;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    void *md_gil;
+#endif
 } PyModuleObject;
 
 static inline PyModuleDef* _PyModule_GetDef(PyObject *mod) {
diff --git a/Include/moduleobject.h b/Include/moduleobject.h
index 83f8c2030db..6afa3c7be37 100644
--- a/Include/moduleobject.h
+++ b/Include/moduleobject.h
@@ -76,9 +76,13 @@ struct PyModuleDef_Slot {
 #if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030c0000
 #  define Py_mod_multiple_interpreters 3
 #endif
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030d0000
+#  define Py_mod_gil 4
+#endif
+
 
 #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
-#define _Py_mod_LAST_SLOT 3
+#define _Py_mod_LAST_SLOT 4
 #endif
 
 #endif /* New in 3.5 */
@@ -90,6 +94,16 @@ struct PyModuleDef_Slot {
 #  define Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED ((void *)2)
 #endif
 
+/* for Py_mod_gil: */
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) || Py_LIMITED_API+0 >= 0x030d0000
+#  define Py_MOD_GIL_USED ((void *)0)
+#  define Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED ((void *)1)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(Py_LIMITED_API) && defined(Py_GIL_DISABLED)
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(PyObject *module, void *gil);
+#endif
+
 struct PyModuleDef {
   PyModuleDef_Base m_base;
   const char* m_name;
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/_test_nonmodule_cases.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/_test_nonmodule_cases.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ffd18d221d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/_test_nonmodule_cases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import types
+import unittest
+from test.test_importlib import util
+
+machinery = util.import_importlib('importlib.machinery')
+
+from test.test_importlib.extension.test_loader import MultiPhaseExtensionModuleTests
+
+
+class NonModuleExtensionTests:
+    setUp = MultiPhaseExtensionModuleTests.setUp
+    load_module_by_name = MultiPhaseExtensionModuleTests.load_module_by_name
+
+    def _test_nonmodule(self):
+        # Test returning a non-module object from create works.
+        name = self.name + '_nonmodule'
+        mod = self.load_module_by_name(name)
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(mod), type(unittest))
+        self.assertEqual(mod.three, 3)
+
+    # issue 27782
+    def test_nonmodule_with_methods(self):
+        # Test creating a non-module object with methods defined.
+        name = self.name + '_nonmodule_with_methods'
+        mod = self.load_module_by_name(name)
+        self.assertNotEqual(type(mod), type(unittest))
+        self.assertEqual(mod.three, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(mod.bar(10, 1), 9)
+
+    def test_null_slots(self):
+        # Test that NULL slots aren't a problem.
+        name = self.name + '_null_slots'
+        module = self.load_module_by_name(name)
+        self.assertIsInstance(module, types.ModuleType)
+        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, name)
+
+
+(Frozen_NonModuleExtensionTests,
+ Source_NonModuleExtensionTests
+ ) = util.test_both(NonModuleExtensionTests, machinery=machinery)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py
index 7607f0e0857..0dd21e079eb 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_importlib/extension/test_loader.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ import unittest
 import warnings
 import importlib.util
 import importlib
-from test.support import MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS
+from test import support
+from test.support import MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS, script_helper
 
 
 class LoaderTests:
@@ -325,29 +326,6 @@ class MultiPhaseExtensionModuleTests(abc.LoaderTests):
             self.load_module_by_name(name)
         self.assertEqual(cm.exception.name, name)
 
-    def test_nonmodule(self):
-        # Test returning a non-module object from create works.
-        name = self.name + '_nonmodule'
-        mod = self.load_module_by_name(name)
-        self.assertNotEqual(type(mod), type(unittest))
-        self.assertEqual(mod.three, 3)
-
-    # issue 27782
-    def test_nonmodule_with_methods(self):
-        # Test creating a non-module object with methods defined.
-        name = self.name + '_nonmodule_with_methods'
-        mod = self.load_module_by_name(name)
-        self.assertNotEqual(type(mod), type(unittest))
-        self.assertEqual(mod.three, 3)
-        self.assertEqual(mod.bar(10, 1), 9)
-
-    def test_null_slots(self):
-        # Test that NULL slots aren't a problem.
-        name = self.name + '_null_slots'
-        module = self.load_module_by_name(name)
-        self.assertIsInstance(module, types.ModuleType)
-        self.assertEqual(module.__name__, name)
-
     def test_bad_modules(self):
         # Test SystemError is raised for misbehaving extensions.
         for name_base in [
@@ -401,5 +379,14 @@ class MultiPhaseExtensionModuleTests(abc.LoaderTests):
  ) = util.test_both(MultiPhaseExtensionModuleTests, machinery=machinery)
 
 
+class NonModuleExtensionTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_nonmodule_cases(self):
+        # The test cases in this file cause the GIL to be enabled permanently
+        # in free-threaded builds, so they are run in a subprocess to isolate
+        # this effect.
+        script = support.findfile("test_importlib/extension/_test_nonmodule_cases.py")
+        script_helper.run_test_script(script)
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_sys.py b/Lib/test/test_sys.py
index df0a6f09c09..73912767ae2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_sys.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_sys.py
@@ -1606,7 +1606,10 @@ class SizeofTest(unittest.TestCase):
         check(int(PyLong_BASE**2-1), vsize('') + 2*self.longdigit)
         check(int(PyLong_BASE**2), vsize('') + 3*self.longdigit)
         # module
-        check(unittest, size('PnPPP'))
+        if support.Py_GIL_DISABLED:
+            check(unittest, size('PPPPPP'))
+        else:
+            check(unittest, size('PPPPP'))
         # None
         check(None, size(''))
         # NotImplementedType
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-03-12-13-51-09.gh-issue-116322.q8TcDQ.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-03-12-13-51-09.gh-issue-116322.q8TcDQ.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d3bf411a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-03-12-13-51-09.gh-issue-116322.q8TcDQ.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Extension modules may indicate to the runtime that they can run without the
+GIL. Multi-phase init modules do so by calling providing
+``Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED`` for the ``Py_mod_gil`` slot, while single-phase init
+modules call ``PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(mod, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED)`` from
+their init function.
diff --git a/Modules/_abc.c b/Modules/_abc.c
index f2a523e6f2f..4f4b24b035d 100644
--- a/Modules/_abc.c
+++ b/Modules/_abc.c
@@ -970,6 +970,7 @@ _abcmodule_free(void *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _abcmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _abcmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_asynciomodule.c b/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
index 0873d32a9ec..a26714f9755 100644
--- a/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
@@ -3795,6 +3795,7 @@ module_exec(PyObject *mod)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_bisectmodule.c b/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
index 9e0fd336419..56322c48b7c 100644
--- a/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
@@ -462,6 +462,7 @@ bisect_modexec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot bisect_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, bisect_modexec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.c b/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.c
index 5df9fd3df49..78242214764 100644
--- a/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.c
+++ b/Modules/_blake2/blake2module.c
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ blake2_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _blake2_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, blake2_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_bz2module.c b/Modules/_bz2module.c
index 3d0d4ee5e79..661847ad267 100644
--- a/Modules/_bz2module.c
+++ b/Modules/_bz2module.c
@@ -802,6 +802,7 @@ _bz2_free(void *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot _bz2_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _bz2_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_codecsmodule.c b/Modules/_codecsmodule.c
index c31c1b6d6f2..32373f0799b 100644
--- a/Modules/_codecsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_codecsmodule.c
@@ -1050,6 +1050,7 @@ static PyMethodDef _codecs_functions[] = {
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _codecs_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c b/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
index 309d63c9bf7..b865351c93d 100644
--- a/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
@@ -2817,6 +2817,7 @@ collections_exec(PyObject *module) {
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot collections_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, collections_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_contextvarsmodule.c b/Modules/_contextvarsmodule.c
index f621c1de6d4..3f96f07909b 100644
--- a/Modules/_contextvarsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_contextvarsmodule.c
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ _contextvars_exec(PyObject *m)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot _contextvars_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _contextvars_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_csv.c b/Modules/_csv.c
index ac948f417ce..9d6b66d4938 100644
--- a/Modules/_csv.c
+++ b/Modules/_csv.c
@@ -1796,6 +1796,7 @@ csv_exec(PyObject *module) {
 static PyModuleDef_Slot csv_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, csv_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
index 3cb0b24668e..1b1a0ea549f 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
@@ -5948,6 +5948,7 @@ module_free(void *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _ctypes_mod_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
index 1dd3ef19052..f46f6362ddd 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 // gh-85283: On Windows, Py_LIMITED_API requires Py_BUILD_CORE to not attempt
@@ -1167,6 +1167,7 @@ _testfunc_pylist_append(PyObject *list, PyObject *item)
 
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot _ctypes_test_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_curses_panel.c b/Modules/_curses_panel.c
index 2ec8f34c5c2..125c72dbbe7 100644
--- a/Modules/_curses_panel.c
+++ b/Modules/_curses_panel.c
@@ -697,6 +697,7 @@ static PyModuleDef_Slot _curses_slots[] = {
     // XXX gh-103092: fix isolation.
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED},
     //{Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_cursesmodule.c b/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
index d04d1e973af..8bf6824b6d8 100644
--- a/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
@@ -4743,6 +4743,9 @@ PyInit__curses(void)
     m = PyModule_Create(&_cursesmodule);
     if (m == NULL)
         return NULL;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     /* Add some symbolic constants to the module */
     d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
diff --git a/Modules/_datetimemodule.c b/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
index 06004e258b2..00015c5d8c2 100644
--- a/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
@@ -6984,6 +6984,9 @@ PyInit__datetime(void)
     PyObject *mod = PyModule_Create(&datetimemodule);
     if (mod == NULL)
         return NULL;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(mod, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     if (_datetime_exec(mod) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(mod);
diff --git a/Modules/_dbmmodule.c b/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
index ee33fe625be..1be4234aad3 100644
--- a/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
@@ -616,6 +616,7 @@ _dbm_module_free(void *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _dbmmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _dbm_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c b/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
index fe6711143b8..2daa24c823a 100644
--- a/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
+++ b/Modules/_decimal/_decimal.c
@@ -6157,6 +6157,7 @@ decimal_free(void *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot _decimal_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _decimal_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_elementtree.c b/Modules/_elementtree.c
index aaa0cad76ae..b11983d2caa 100644
--- a/Modules/_elementtree.c
+++ b/Modules/_elementtree.c
@@ -4463,6 +4463,7 @@ error:
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot elementtree_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_functoolsmodule.c b/Modules/_functoolsmodule.c
index e37473a582b..9dee7bf3062 100644
--- a/Modules/_functoolsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_functoolsmodule.c
@@ -1559,6 +1559,7 @@ _functools_free(void *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot _functools_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _functools_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c b/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
index db868c18160..df7fba67810 100644
--- a/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
@@ -825,6 +825,7 @@ _gdbm_module_free(void *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _gdbm_module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _gdbm_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_hashopenssl.c b/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
index d0b46810dc1..14d9c186151 100644
--- a/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
+++ b/Modules/_hashopenssl.c
@@ -2289,6 +2289,7 @@ static PyModuleDef_Slot hashlib_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, hashlib_init_constructors},
     {Py_mod_exec, hashlib_exception},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_heapqmodule.c b/Modules/_heapqmodule.c
index 9d4ec256ee9..695ce22f804 100644
--- a/Modules/_heapqmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_heapqmodule.c
@@ -681,6 +681,7 @@ heapq_exec(PyObject *m)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot heapq_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, heapq_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_interpchannelsmodule.c b/Modules/_interpchannelsmodule.c
index 43c96584790..ff8dacf5bd1 100644
--- a/Modules/_interpchannelsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_interpchannelsmodule.c
@@ -3326,6 +3326,7 @@ error:
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_interpqueuesmodule.c b/Modules/_interpqueuesmodule.c
index 46801bd4164..556953db6b8 100644
--- a/Modules/_interpqueuesmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_interpqueuesmodule.c
@@ -1830,6 +1830,7 @@ error:
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_interpretersmodule.c b/Modules/_interpretersmodule.c
index 8fea56977ef..86a4113dcc1 100644
--- a/Modules/_interpretersmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_interpretersmodule.c
@@ -1519,6 +1519,7 @@ error:
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c b/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
index 173f5b55e5f..269070fe2b0 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
@@ -720,6 +720,7 @@ iomodule_exec(PyObject *m)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot iomodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, iomodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_json.c b/Modules/_json.c
index c55299899e7..fc39f624b72 100644
--- a/Modules/_json.c
+++ b/Modules/_json.c
@@ -1780,6 +1780,7 @@ _json_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _json_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _json_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_localemodule.c b/Modules/_localemodule.c
index fe8e4c5e300..d4923442478 100644
--- a/Modules/_localemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_localemodule.c
@@ -860,6 +860,7 @@ _locale_exec(PyObject *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot _locale_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _locale_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_lsprof.c b/Modules/_lsprof.c
index a76c3dea555..18be01df5c1 100644
--- a/Modules/_lsprof.c
+++ b/Modules/_lsprof.c
@@ -1006,6 +1006,7 @@ _lsprof_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _lsprofslots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _lsprof_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_lzmamodule.c b/Modules/_lzmamodule.c
index f6bfbfa6268..97f3a8f03da 100644
--- a/Modules/_lzmamodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_lzmamodule.c
@@ -1604,6 +1604,7 @@ static PyMethodDef lzma_methods[] = {
 static PyModuleDef_Slot lzma_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, lzma_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_multiprocessing/multiprocessing.c b/Modules/_multiprocessing/multiprocessing.c
index 1f6ab718a36..cee8cf7b9a8 100644
--- a/Modules/_multiprocessing/multiprocessing.c
+++ b/Modules/_multiprocessing/multiprocessing.c
@@ -277,6 +277,7 @@ multiprocessing_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot multiprocessing_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, multiprocessing_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_multiprocessing/posixshmem.c b/Modules/_multiprocessing/posixshmem.c
index d332a4e9d9e..aeb2d79de6f 100644
--- a/Modules/_multiprocessing/posixshmem.c
+++ b/Modules/_multiprocessing/posixshmem.c
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 posixshmem - A Python extension that provides shm_open() and shm_unlink()
 */
 
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include <Python.h>
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ static PyMethodDef module_methods[ ] = {
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_opcode.c b/Modules/_opcode.c
index 85e0ffec900..cc72cb170ce 100644
--- a/Modules/_opcode.c
+++ b/Modules/_opcode.c
@@ -406,6 +406,7 @@ _opcode_exec(PyObject *m) {
 static PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _opcode_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_operator.c b/Modules/_operator.c
index 306d4508f52..5d3f88327d1 100644
--- a/Modules/_operator.c
+++ b/Modules/_operator.c
@@ -1928,6 +1928,7 @@ operator_exec(PyObject *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot operator_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, operator_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_pickle.c b/Modules/_pickle.c
index d7ffb04c28c..754a326822e 100644
--- a/Modules/_pickle.c
+++ b/Modules/_pickle.c
@@ -7863,6 +7863,7 @@ _pickle_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot pickle_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _pickle_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c b/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c
index b160cd78177..daec4ad708d 100644
--- a/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c
+++ b/Modules/_posixsubprocess.c
@@ -1317,6 +1317,7 @@ static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _posixsubprocess_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_queuemodule.c b/Modules/_queuemodule.c
index 5db9b645849..aee8db802d8 100644
--- a/Modules/_queuemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_queuemodule.c
@@ -594,6 +594,7 @@ queuemodule_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot queuemodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, queuemodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_randommodule.c b/Modules/_randommodule.c
index 56b891dfe0f..140640ae8fb 100644
--- a/Modules/_randommodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_randommodule.c
@@ -642,6 +642,7 @@ _random_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _random_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _random_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_scproxy.c b/Modules/_scproxy.c
index 042738b4ab8..e9170f2ce1a 100644
--- a/Modules/_scproxy.c
+++ b/Modules/_scproxy.c
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * using the SystemConfiguration framework.
  */
 
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include <Python.h>
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ static PyMethodDef mod_methods[] = {
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _scproxy_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_sqlite/module.c b/Modules/_sqlite/module.c
index 46fed9f1328..2c25ee32e58 100644
--- a/Modules/_sqlite/module.c
+++ b/Modules/_sqlite/module.c
@@ -758,6 +758,7 @@ error:
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_sre/sre.c b/Modules/_sre/sre.c
index 00fbd9674b8..c1eff63d921 100644
--- a/Modules/_sre/sre.c
+++ b/Modules/_sre/sre.c
@@ -3272,6 +3272,7 @@ error:
 static PyModuleDef_Slot sre_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, sre_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_ssl.c b/Modules/_ssl.c
index 885a9c25967..9d50b576ba3 100644
--- a/Modules/_ssl.c
+++ b/Modules/_ssl.c
@@ -6515,6 +6515,7 @@ static PyModuleDef_Slot sslmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, sslmodule_init_strings},
     {Py_mod_exec, sslmodule_init_lock},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_stat.c b/Modules/_stat.c
index 8059ec2f1f0..a4f15e8e65e 100644
--- a/Modules/_stat.c
+++ b/Modules/_stat.c
@@ -679,6 +679,7 @@ stat_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot stat_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, stat_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_statisticsmodule.c b/Modules/_statisticsmodule.c
index 78a6552c4c9..b84f731ad6a 100644
--- a/Modules/_statisticsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_statisticsmodule.c
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 /* statistics accelerator C extension: _statistics module. */
 
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(statistics_doc,
 
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot _statisticsmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_struct.c b/Modules/_struct.c
index fa2cd37e003..905dcbdeedd 100644
--- a/Modules/_struct.c
+++ b/Modules/_struct.c
@@ -2593,6 +2593,7 @@ _structmodule_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _structmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _structmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_suggestions.c b/Modules/_suggestions.c
index 30b524d70c1..80c7179c4c2 100644
--- a/Modules/_suggestions.c
+++ b/Modules/_suggestions.c
@@ -49,15 +49,21 @@ static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
     {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL} // Sentinel
 };
 
+static PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    {0, NULL},
+};
+
 static struct PyModuleDef suggestions_module = {
     PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
     "_suggestions",
     NULL,
-    -1,
-    module_methods
+    0,
+    module_methods,
+    module_slots,
 };
 
 PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit__suggestions(void) {
-    return PyModule_Create(&suggestions_module);
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&suggestions_module);
 }
-
diff --git a/Modules/_sysconfig.c b/Modules/_sysconfig.c
index c76b9e6b3eb..c50c5cfabc2 100644
--- a/Modules/_sysconfig.c
+++ b/Modules/_sysconfig.c
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ static struct PyMethodDef sysconfig_methods[] = {
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot sysconfig_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testbuffer.c b/Modules/_testbuffer.c
index 9e77744efad..35d4ffecad6 100644
--- a/Modules/_testbuffer.c
+++ b/Modules/_testbuffer.c
@@ -2901,6 +2901,9 @@ PyInit__testbuffer(void)
     if (mod == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(mod, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
     if (_testbuffer_exec(mod) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(mod);
         return NULL;
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapimodule.c b/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
index f5892fc5ed2..beae13cd74c 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
@@ -3935,6 +3935,9 @@ PyInit__testcapi(void)
     m = PyModule_Create(&_testcapimodule);
     if (m == NULL)
         return NULL;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     Py_SET_TYPE(&_HashInheritanceTester_Type, &PyType_Type);
     if (PyType_Ready(&_HashInheritanceTester_Type) < 0) {
diff --git a/Modules/_testclinic.c b/Modules/_testclinic.c
index 2e9d00ac218..c7af552f029 100644
--- a/Modules/_testclinic.c
+++ b/Modules/_testclinic.c
@@ -1955,6 +1955,9 @@ PyInit__testclinic(void)
     if (m == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
     if (PyModule_AddType(m, &TestClass) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
diff --git a/Modules/_testclinic_limited.c b/Modules/_testclinic_limited.c
index 29f1b7c13e4..d5f98085f84 100644
--- a/Modules/_testclinic_limited.c
+++ b/Modules/_testclinic_limited.c
@@ -146,5 +146,8 @@ PyInit__testclinic_limited(void)
     if (m == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
     return m;
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_testexternalinspection.c b/Modules/_testexternalinspection.c
index e2f96cdad5c..d9c65fe253f 100644
--- a/Modules/_testexternalinspection.c
+++ b/Modules/_testexternalinspection.c
@@ -627,6 +627,12 @@ PyMODINIT_FUNC
 PyInit__testexternalinspection(void)
 {
     PyObject* mod = PyModule_Create(&module);
+    if (mod == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(mod, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
     int rc = PyModule_AddIntConstant(mod, "PROCESS_VM_READV_SUPPORTED", HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV);
     if (rc < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(mod);
diff --git a/Modules/_testimportmultiple.c b/Modules/_testimportmultiple.c
index a65ca513a12..c147596f88a 100644
--- a/Modules/_testimportmultiple.c
+++ b/Modules/_testimportmultiple.c
@@ -6,18 +6,24 @@
 
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x03020000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include <Python.h>
 
+static PyModuleDef_Slot shared_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    {0, NULL},
+};
+
 static struct PyModuleDef _testimportmultiple = {
     PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
     "_testimportmultiple",
     "_testimportmultiple doc",
-    -1,
-    NULL,
+    0,
     NULL,
+    shared_slots,
     NULL,
     NULL,
     NULL
@@ -25,16 +31,16 @@ static struct PyModuleDef _testimportmultiple = {
 
 PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit__testimportmultiple(void)
 {
-    return PyModule_Create(&_testimportmultiple);
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&_testimportmultiple);
 }
 
 static struct PyModuleDef _foomodule = {
     PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
     "_testimportmultiple_foo",
     "_testimportmultiple_foo doc",
-    -1,
-    NULL,
+    0,
     NULL,
+    shared_slots,
     NULL,
     NULL,
     NULL
@@ -42,21 +48,21 @@ static struct PyModuleDef _foomodule = {
 
 PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit__testimportmultiple_foo(void)
 {
-    return PyModule_Create(&_foomodule);
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&_foomodule);
 }
 
 static struct PyModuleDef _barmodule = {
     PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
     "_testimportmultiple_bar",
     "_testimportmultiple_bar doc",
-    -1,
-    NULL,
+    0,
     NULL,
+    shared_slots,
     NULL,
     NULL,
     NULL
 };
 
 PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit__testimportmultiple_bar(void){
-    return PyModule_Create(&_barmodule);
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&_barmodule);
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c b/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
index f7952a119f0..de98af32b5d 100644
--- a/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
+++ b/Modules/_testinternalcapi.c
@@ -2142,6 +2142,7 @@ module_exec(PyObject *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi.c b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi.c
index 598071fe0dd..f88476f4be2 100644
--- a/Modules/_testlimitedcapi.c
+++ b/Modules/_testlimitedcapi.c
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ PyInit__testlimitedcapi(void)
     if (mod == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(mod, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     if (_PyTestLimitedCAPI_Init_Abstract(mod) < 0) {
         return NULL;
diff --git a/Modules/_testmultiphase.c b/Modules/_testmultiphase.c
index 21c5f696a4f..ca3d83233c5 100644
--- a/Modules/_testmultiphase.c
+++ b/Modules/_testmultiphase.c
@@ -431,6 +431,7 @@ static int execfunc(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot main_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, execfunc},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -519,13 +520,18 @@ PyInit__testmultiphase_nonmodule_with_methods(void)
 
 /**** Non-ASCII-named modules ****/
 
+static PyModuleDef_Slot nonascii_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    {0, NULL},
+};
+
 static PyModuleDef def_nonascii_latin = { \
     PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,                      /* m_base */
     "_testmultiphase_nonascii_latin",           /* m_name */
     PyDoc_STR("Module named in Czech"),         /* m_doc */
     0,                                          /* m_size */
     NULL,                                       /* m_methods */
-    NULL,                                       /* m_slots */
+    nonascii_slots,                             /* m_slots */
     NULL,                                       /* m_traverse */
     NULL,                                       /* m_clear */
     NULL,                                       /* m_free */
@@ -543,7 +549,7 @@ static PyModuleDef def_nonascii_kana = { \
     PyDoc_STR("Module named in Japanese"),      /* m_doc */
     0,                                          /* m_size */
     NULL,                                       /* m_methods */
-    NULL,                                       /* m_slots */
+    nonascii_slots,                             /* m_slots */
     NULL,                                       /* m_traverse */
     NULL,                                       /* m_clear */
     NULL,                                       /* m_free */
@@ -757,6 +763,7 @@ static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_nonmodule_with_exec_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_create, createfunc_nonmodule},
     {Py_mod_exec, execfunc},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -778,6 +785,7 @@ execfunc_err(PyObject *mod)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_exec_err[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, execfunc_err},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -800,6 +808,7 @@ execfunc_raise(PyObject *spec)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_exec_raise[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, execfunc_raise},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -822,6 +831,7 @@ execfunc_unreported_exception(PyObject *mod)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_exec_unreported_exception[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, execfunc_unreported_exception},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -857,6 +867,7 @@ meth_state_access_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot meth_state_access_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, meth_state_access_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
@@ -889,6 +900,9 @@ PyInit__test_module_state_shared(void)
     if (module == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(module, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(module, "Error", PyExc_Exception) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(module);
@@ -903,6 +917,7 @@ PyInit__test_module_state_shared(void)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot slots_multiple_multiple_interpreters_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -920,6 +935,7 @@ PyInit__testmultiphase_multiple_multiple_interpreters_slots(void)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot non_isolated_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, execfunc},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -940,6 +956,7 @@ static PyModuleDef_Slot shared_gil_only_slots[] = {
        We put it here explicitly to draw attention to the contrast
        with Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED. */
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_MULTIPLE_INTERPRETERS_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testsinglephase.c b/Modules/_testsinglephase.c
index ff533e44a82..c0eb266751e 100644
--- a/Modules/_testsinglephase.c
+++ b/Modules/_testsinglephase.c
@@ -471,6 +471,9 @@ init__testsinglephase_basic(PyModuleDef *def)
     if (module == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(module, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     module_state *state = &global_state.module;
     // It may have been set by a previous run or under a different name.
@@ -562,6 +565,9 @@ PyInit__testsinglephase_with_reinit(void)
     if (module == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(module, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     assert(get_module_state(module) == NULL);
 
@@ -624,6 +630,9 @@ PyInit__testsinglephase_with_state(void)
     if (module == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(module, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     module_state *state = get_module_state(module);
     assert(state != NULL);
diff --git a/Modules/_threadmodule.c b/Modules/_threadmodule.c
index f5e3b426006..39d309729d8 100644
--- a/Modules/_threadmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_threadmodule.c
@@ -2544,6 +2544,7 @@ The 'threading' module provides a more convenient interface.");
 static PyModuleDef_Slot thread_module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, thread_module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_tkinter.c b/Modules/_tkinter.c
index e3789867dc0..ecb7ca8de62 100644
--- a/Modules/_tkinter.c
+++ b/Modules/_tkinter.c
@@ -3205,6 +3205,9 @@ PyInit__tkinter(void)
     m = PyModule_Create(&_tkintermodule);
     if (m == NULL)
         return NULL;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     Tkinter_TclError = PyErr_NewException("_tkinter.TclError", NULL, NULL);
     if (PyModule_AddObjectRef(m, "TclError", Tkinter_TclError)) {
diff --git a/Modules/_tracemalloc.c b/Modules/_tracemalloc.c
index 6dba3cac01c..55028dc3a65 100644
--- a/Modules/_tracemalloc.c
+++ b/Modules/_tracemalloc.c
@@ -219,6 +219,9 @@ PyInit__tracemalloc(void)
     m = PyModule_Create(&module_def);
     if (m == NULL)
         return NULL;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     if (_PyTraceMalloc_Init() < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(m);
diff --git a/Modules/_typingmodule.c b/Modules/_typingmodule.c
index 180f3d7eb01..09fbb3c5e8b 100644
--- a/Modules/_typingmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_typingmodule.c
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ _typing_exec(PyObject *m)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot _typingmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _typing_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_uuidmodule.c b/Modules/_uuidmodule.c
index 052cb9fef3b..c5e78b1510b 100644
--- a/Modules/_uuidmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_uuidmodule.c
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * DCE compatible Universally Unique Identifier library.
  */
 
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ static PyMethodDef uuid_methods[] = {
 static PyModuleDef_Slot uuid_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, uuid_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_weakref.c b/Modules/_weakref.c
index 1ea3ed5e40b..a5c15c0f10b 100644
--- a/Modules/_weakref.c
+++ b/Modules/_weakref.c
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ weakref_exec(PyObject *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot weakref_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, weakref_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_winapi.c b/Modules/_winapi.c
index 23e3c0d87f0..cd5dd503abe 100644
--- a/Modules/_winapi.c
+++ b/Modules/_winapi.c
@@ -3189,6 +3189,7 @@ static int winapi_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot winapi_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, winapi_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c
index a2dbabce71e..2952d7043e0 100644
--- a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c
+++ b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c
@@ -28,13 +28,18 @@ static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
     {NULL},
 };
 
+static PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+    {0, NULL},
+};
+
 static struct PyModuleDef _fuzzmodule = {
         PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
         "_fuzz",
         NULL,
         0,
         module_methods,
-        NULL,
+        module_slots,
         NULL,
         NULL,
         NULL
@@ -43,5 +48,5 @@ static struct PyModuleDef _fuzzmodule = {
 PyMODINIT_FUNC
 PyInit__xxtestfuzz(void)
 {
-    return PyModule_Create(&_fuzzmodule);
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&_fuzzmodule);
 }
diff --git a/Modules/_zoneinfo.c b/Modules/_zoneinfo.c
index fcd4af64df0..38c3f0c45d8 100644
--- a/Modules/_zoneinfo.c
+++ b/Modules/_zoneinfo.c
@@ -2760,6 +2760,7 @@ error:
 static PyModuleDef_Slot zoneinfomodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, zoneinfomodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/arraymodule.c b/Modules/arraymodule.c
index 317f4974814..a3b833d47cd 100644
--- a/Modules/arraymodule.c
+++ b/Modules/arraymodule.c
@@ -3220,6 +3220,7 @@ array_modexec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot arrayslots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, array_modexec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/atexitmodule.c b/Modules/atexitmodule.c
index 8e908da2534..297a8d74ba3 100644
--- a/Modules/atexitmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/atexitmodule.c
@@ -322,6 +322,7 @@ Two public functions, register and unregister, are defined.\n\
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot atexitmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/binascii.c b/Modules/binascii.c
index 86493241a1f..250f03a9531 100644
--- a/Modules/binascii.c
+++ b/Modules/binascii.c
@@ -1278,6 +1278,7 @@ binascii_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot binascii_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, binascii_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/cjkcodecs/cjkcodecs.h b/Modules/cjkcodecs/cjkcodecs.h
index 766f8298302..2b446ba5226 100644
--- a/Modules/cjkcodecs/cjkcodecs.h
+++ b/Modules/cjkcodecs/cjkcodecs.h
@@ -503,6 +503,7 @@ static struct PyMethodDef _cjk_methods[] = {
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _cjk_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _cjk_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
index e5433d7dd85..1c671adb4ff 100644
--- a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
+++ b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
@@ -2094,6 +2094,7 @@ static struct PyMethodDef _multibytecodec_methods[] = {
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _multibytecodec_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _multibytecodec_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/cmathmodule.c b/Modules/cmathmodule.c
index 57bc55632be..d901b350bc5 100644
--- a/Modules/cmathmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/cmathmodule.c
@@ -1363,6 +1363,7 @@ cmath_exec(PyObject *mod)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot cmath_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, cmath_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/errnomodule.c b/Modules/errnomodule.c
index 97e5f0180d7..3f96f2f846d 100644
--- a/Modules/errnomodule.c
+++ b/Modules/errnomodule.c
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 /* Errno module */
 
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
@@ -951,6 +951,7 @@ errno_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot errno_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, errno_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/faulthandler.c b/Modules/faulthandler.c
index c70d43a36b5..cfa3cbdc34b 100644
--- a/Modules/faulthandler.c
+++ b/Modules/faulthandler.c
@@ -1292,6 +1292,7 @@ static PyModuleDef_Slot faulthandler_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, PyExec_faulthandler},
     // XXX gh-103092: fix isolation.
     //{Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/fcntlmodule.c b/Modules/fcntlmodule.c
index e24e5f98f4b..b6eeec2c66f 100644
--- a/Modules/fcntlmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/fcntlmodule.c
@@ -745,6 +745,7 @@ fcntl_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot fcntl_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, fcntl_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/gcmodule.c b/Modules/gcmodule.c
index 8a1b483edda..57e4aae9ed5 100644
--- a/Modules/gcmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/gcmodule.c
@@ -535,6 +535,7 @@ gcmodule_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot gcmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, gcmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/grpmodule.c b/Modules/grpmodule.c
index a1fa6cf20f7..f7d3e12f347 100644
--- a/Modules/grpmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/grpmodule.c
@@ -342,6 +342,7 @@ grpmodule_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot grpmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, grpmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c b/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
index 21ce3ecfad0..8641c2f87e6 100644
--- a/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
@@ -4781,6 +4781,7 @@ itertoolsmodule_exec(PyObject *mod)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot itertoolsmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, itertoolsmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/mathmodule.c b/Modules/mathmodule.c
index 8ba0431f4a4..a3cbfc38376 100644
--- a/Modules/mathmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/mathmodule.c
@@ -4177,6 +4177,7 @@ static PyMethodDef math_methods[] = {
 static PyModuleDef_Slot math_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, math_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/md5module.c b/Modules/md5module.c
index 9cbf11feaa9..ef9163e8be5 100644
--- a/Modules/md5module.c
+++ b/Modules/md5module.c
@@ -375,6 +375,7 @@ md5_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _md5_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, md5_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/mmapmodule.c b/Modules/mmapmodule.c
index 0cce7c27f9b..dfc16ff4370 100644
--- a/Modules/mmapmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/mmapmodule.c
@@ -1801,6 +1801,7 @@ mmap_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot mmap_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, mmap_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/overlapped.c b/Modules/overlapped.c
index b9881d91ded..77ee70ae133 100644
--- a/Modules/overlapped.c
+++ b/Modules/overlapped.c
@@ -2070,6 +2070,7 @@ overlapped_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot overlapped_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, overlapped_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index e1a14e772c4..9f4be98b351 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -18071,6 +18071,7 @@ posixmodule_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot posixmodile_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, posixmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/pwdmodule.c b/Modules/pwdmodule.c
index f58735aff99..2240e2078b2 100644
--- a/Modules/pwdmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/pwdmodule.c
@@ -344,6 +344,7 @@ pwdmodule_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot pwdmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, pwdmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/pyexpat.c b/Modules/pyexpat.c
index f04f96bc2f7..f67d480f19d 100644
--- a/Modules/pyexpat.c
+++ b/Modules/pyexpat.c
@@ -2117,6 +2117,7 @@ pyexpat_free(void *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot pyexpat_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, pyexpat_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/readline.c b/Modules/readline.c
index c5c34535de0..f59f8a9834c 100644
--- a/Modules/readline.c
+++ b/Modules/readline.c
@@ -1552,6 +1552,9 @@ PyInit_readline(void)
 
     if (m == NULL)
         return NULL;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(m, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "_READLINE_VERSION",
                                 RL_READLINE_VERSION) < 0) {
diff --git a/Modules/resource.c b/Modules/resource.c
index 8ee07bd0c80..3fe18e7c98e 100644
--- a/Modules/resource.c
+++ b/Modules/resource.c
@@ -513,6 +513,7 @@ resource_exec(PyObject *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot resource_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, resource_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/selectmodule.c b/Modules/selectmodule.c
index 6ea141ab1f9..3eaee22c652 100644
--- a/Modules/selectmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/selectmodule.c
@@ -2802,6 +2802,7 @@ _select_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _select_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _select_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/sha1module.c b/Modules/sha1module.c
index 345a6c215eb..34a427a39b5 100644
--- a/Modules/sha1module.c
+++ b/Modules/sha1module.c
@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ _sha1_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _sha1_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _sha1_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/sha2module.c b/Modules/sha2module.c
index 60be4228a00..7d6a1e40243 100644
--- a/Modules/sha2module.c
+++ b/Modules/sha2module.c
@@ -866,6 +866,7 @@ static int sha2_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _sha2_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, sha2_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/sha3module.c b/Modules/sha3module.c
index c30e924a707..084332c1efa 100644
--- a/Modules/sha3module.c
+++ b/Modules/sha3module.c
@@ -602,6 +602,7 @@ _sha3_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _sha3_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, _sha3_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/signalmodule.c b/Modules/signalmodule.c
index 08fedeacd96..7de5ebe0899 100644
--- a/Modules/signalmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/signalmodule.c
@@ -1698,6 +1698,7 @@ _signal_module_free(void *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot signal_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, signal_module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/socketmodule.c b/Modules/socketmodule.c
index 7720d59e465..daec560ddfc 100644
--- a/Modules/socketmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/socketmodule.c
@@ -8896,6 +8896,7 @@ error:
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot socket_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, socket_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/symtablemodule.c b/Modules/symtablemodule.c
index ddc9ac33243..b4dbb54c3b4 100644
--- a/Modules/symtablemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/symtablemodule.c
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ symtable_init_constants(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot symtable_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, symtable_init_constants},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/syslogmodule.c b/Modules/syslogmodule.c
index cb3f2b03990..14e7ca591a0 100644
--- a/Modules/syslogmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/syslogmodule.c
@@ -439,6 +439,7 @@ syslog_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot syslog_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, syslog_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/termios.c b/Modules/termios.c
index a29474d6501..f2c5a4bafa7 100644
--- a/Modules/termios.c
+++ b/Modules/termios.c
@@ -1364,6 +1364,7 @@ termios_exec(PyObject *mod)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot termios_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, termios_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/timemodule.c b/Modules/timemodule.c
index 3211c7530da..05113399788 100644
--- a/Modules/timemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/timemodule.c
@@ -2128,6 +2128,7 @@ time_module_free(void *module)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot time_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, time_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/unicodedata.c b/Modules/unicodedata.c
index 6ae35b9372b..333ffe68a45 100644
--- a/Modules/unicodedata.c
+++ b/Modules/unicodedata.c
@@ -1668,6 +1668,7 @@ unicodedata_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot unicodedata_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, unicodedata_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/xxlimited.c b/Modules/xxlimited.c
index 3357b8076b6..d86741e1dfc 100644
--- a/Modules/xxlimited.c
+++ b/Modules/xxlimited.c
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@
           pass
    */
 
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
@@ -395,6 +395,7 @@ xx_modexec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot xx_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, xx_modexec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/xxlimited_35.c b/Modules/xxlimited_35.c
index 52690d9d10a..1063e54217b 100644
--- a/Modules/xxlimited_35.c
+++ b/Modules/xxlimited_35.c
@@ -297,6 +297,10 @@ xx_modexec(PyObject *m)
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot xx_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, xx_modexec},
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    // These definitions are in the limited API, but not until 3.13.
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+#endif
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/xxmodule.c b/Modules/xxmodule.c
index 1e4e0ea3743..a46bf8f0e64 100644
--- a/Modules/xxmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/xxmodule.c
@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@ xx_exec(PyObject *m)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot xx_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, xx_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/xxsubtype.c b/Modules/xxsubtype.c
index 560f43e5b3a..9c548f44558 100644
--- a/Modules/xxsubtype.c
+++ b/Modules/xxsubtype.c
@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@ xxsubtype_exec(PyObject* m)
 static struct PyModuleDef_Slot xxsubtype_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, xxsubtype_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/Modules/zlibmodule.c b/Modules/zlibmodule.c
index fe9a6d8d415..b115f67f228 100644
--- a/Modules/zlibmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/zlibmodule.c
@@ -2106,6 +2106,7 @@ zlib_exec(PyObject *mod)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot zlib_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, zlib_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Objects/moduleobject.c b/Objects/moduleobject.c
index 2f6adb9a2e1..d877edaf545 100644
--- a/Objects/moduleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/moduleobject.c
@@ -249,6 +249,9 @@ _PyModule_CreateInitialized(PyModuleDef* module, int module_api_version)
         }
     }
     m->md_def = module;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLE
+    m->md_gil = Py_MOD_GIL_USED;
+#endif
     return (PyObject*)m;
 }
 
@@ -261,6 +264,8 @@ PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2(PyModuleDef* def, PyObject *spec, int module_api_versio
     PyObject *m = NULL;
     int has_multiple_interpreters_slot = 0;
     void *multiple_interpreters = (void *)0;
+    int has_gil_slot = 0;
+    void *gil_slot = Py_MOD_GIL_USED;
     int has_execution_slots = 0;
     const char *name;
     int ret;
@@ -315,6 +320,17 @@ PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2(PyModuleDef* def, PyObject *spec, int module_api_versio
                 multiple_interpreters = cur_slot->value;
                 has_multiple_interpreters_slot = 1;
                 break;
+            case Py_mod_gil:
+                if (has_gil_slot) {
+                    PyErr_Format(
+                       PyExc_SystemError,
+                       "module %s has more than one 'gil' slot",
+                       name);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                gil_slot = cur_slot->value;
+                has_gil_slot = 1;
+                break;
             default:
                 assert(cur_slot->slot < 0 || cur_slot->slot > _Py_mod_LAST_SLOT);
                 PyErr_Format(
@@ -374,6 +390,11 @@ PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2(PyModuleDef* def, PyObject *spec, int module_api_versio
     if (PyModule_Check(m)) {
         ((PyModuleObject*)m)->md_state = NULL;
         ((PyModuleObject*)m)->md_def = def;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        ((PyModuleObject*)m)->md_gil = gil_slot;
+#else
+        (void)gil_slot;
+#endif
     } else {
         if (def->m_size > 0 || def->m_traverse || def->m_clear || def->m_free) {
             PyErr_Format(
@@ -415,6 +436,19 @@ error:
     return NULL;
 }
 
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+int
+PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(PyObject *module, void *gil)
+{
+    if (!PyModule_Check(module)) {
+        PyErr_BadInternalCall();
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ((PyModuleObject *)module)->md_gil = gil;
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 int
 PyModule_ExecDef(PyObject *module, PyModuleDef *def)
 {
@@ -470,6 +504,7 @@ PyModule_ExecDef(PyObject *module, PyModuleDef *def)
                 }
                 break;
             case Py_mod_multiple_interpreters:
+            case Py_mod_gil:
                 /* handled in PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2 */
                 break;
             default:
diff --git a/Objects/unicodeobject.c b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
index 67b1282de79..057b417074e 100644
--- a/Objects/unicodeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
@@ -15541,6 +15541,7 @@ static PyMethodDef _string_methods[] = {
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot module_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/PC/_testconsole.c b/PC/_testconsole.c
index f1ace003df4..0dcea866f65 100644
--- a/PC/_testconsole.c
+++ b/PC/_testconsole.c
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 /* Testing module for multi-phase initialization of extension modules (PEP 489)
  */
 
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"   // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ static int execfunc(PyObject *m)
 PyModuleDef_Slot testconsole_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, execfunc},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL},
 };
 
diff --git a/PC/msvcrtmodule.c b/PC/msvcrtmodule.c
index 5ff703217b4..b170e06b47d 100644
--- a/PC/msvcrtmodule.c
+++ b/PC/msvcrtmodule.c
@@ -656,6 +656,7 @@ exec_module(PyObject* m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot msvcrt_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, exec_module},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/PC/winreg.c b/PC/winreg.c
index 8096d17e43b..efdf8addc06 100644
--- a/PC/winreg.c
+++ b/PC/winreg.c
@@ -2179,6 +2179,7 @@ exec_module(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot winreg_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, exec_module},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/PC/winsound.c b/PC/winsound.c
index a6b2dac6ac1..094c77ae34d 100644
--- a/PC/winsound.c
+++ b/PC/winsound.c
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
    winsound.PlaySound(None, 0)
 */
 
-// Need limited C API version 3.12 for Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED
+// Need limited C API version 3.13 for Py_mod_gil
 #include "pyconfig.h"  // Py_GIL_DISABLED
 #ifndef Py_GIL_DISABLED
-#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030c0000
+#  define Py_LIMITED_API 0x030d0000
 #endif
 
 #include <Python.h>
@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ exec_module(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot sound_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, exec_module},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Parser/asdl_c.py b/Parser/asdl_c.py
index c4df2c52c03..1f0be456655 100755
--- a/Parser/asdl_c.py
+++ b/Parser/asdl_c.py
@@ -1443,6 +1443,7 @@ class ASTModuleVisitor(PickleVisitor):
 static PyModuleDef_Slot astmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, astmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Python/Python-ast.c b/Python/Python-ast.c
index cc7734e0dbb..1953142f6de 100644
--- a/Python/Python-ast.c
+++ b/Python/Python-ast.c
@@ -17588,6 +17588,7 @@ astmodule_exec(PyObject *m)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot astmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, astmodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Python/Python-tokenize.c b/Python/Python-tokenize.c
index a7891709b3b..41e8107e205 100644
--- a/Python/Python-tokenize.c
+++ b/Python/Python-tokenize.c
@@ -322,6 +322,7 @@ static PyMethodDef tokenize_methods[] = {
 static PyModuleDef_Slot tokenizemodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, tokenizemodule_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Python/_warnings.c b/Python/_warnings.c
index 2ba704dcaa7..793cbc657f3 100644
--- a/Python/_warnings.c
+++ b/Python/_warnings.c
@@ -1498,6 +1498,7 @@ warnings_module_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot warnings_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, warnings_module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Python/bltinmodule.c b/Python/bltinmodule.c
index 722353ebcbf..88d858dc944 100644
--- a/Python/bltinmodule.c
+++ b/Python/bltinmodule.c
@@ -3124,6 +3124,9 @@ _PyBuiltin_Init(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     mod = _PyModule_CreateInitialized(&builtinsmodule, PYTHON_API_VERSION);
     if (mod == NULL)
         return NULL;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(mod, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
     dict = PyModule_GetDict(mod);
 
 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
diff --git a/Python/import.c b/Python/import.c
index f120a3841b4..4f91f03f091 100644
--- a/Python/import.c
+++ b/Python/import.c
@@ -4212,6 +4212,7 @@ imp_module_exec(PyObject *module)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot imp_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, imp_module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Python/marshal.c b/Python/marshal.c
index 4bd8bb1d3a9..ca22d6d679a 100644
--- a/Python/marshal.c
+++ b/Python/marshal.c
@@ -1952,6 +1952,7 @@ marshal_module_exec(PyObject *mod)
 static PyModuleDef_Slot marshalmodule_slots[] = {
     {Py_mod_exec, marshal_module_exec},
     {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+    {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
     {0, NULL}
 };
 
diff --git a/Python/sysmodule.c b/Python/sysmodule.c
index f469f165e7f..645b76fccf6 100644
--- a/Python/sysmodule.c
+++ b/Python/sysmodule.c
@@ -3756,6 +3756,9 @@ _PySys_Create(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject **sysmod_p)
     if (sysmod == NULL) {
         return _PyStatus_ERR("failed to create a module object");
     }
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyModule_ExperimentalSetGIL(sysmod, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED);
+#endif
 
     PyObject *sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod);
     if (sysdict == NULL) {