cpython/Lib/getopt.py

"""Module getopt -- Parser for command line options.

This module helps scripts to parse the command line arguments in
sys.argv.  It supports the same conventions as the Unix getopt()
function (including the special meanings of arguments of the form `-'
and `--').  Long options similar to those supported by GNU software
may be used as well via an optional third argument.  This module
provides a single function and an exception:

getopt() -- Parse command line options
error    -- Exception (string) raised when bad options are found
"""

# Long option support added by Lars Wirzenius <liw@iki.fi>.

import string

error = 'getopt.error'

def getopt(args, shortopts, longopts = []):
    """getopt(args, options[, long_options]) -> opts, args

    Parses command line options and parameter list.  args is the
    argument list to be parsed, without the leading reference to the
    running program.  Typically, this means "sys.argv[1:]".  shortopts
    is the string of option letters that the script wants to
    recognize, with options that require an argument followed by a
    colon (i.e., the same format that Unix getopt() uses).  If
    specified, longopts is a list of strings with the names of the
    long options which should be supported.  The leading '--'
    characters should not be included in the option name.  Options
    which require an argument should be followed by an equal sign
    ('=').

    The return value consists of two elements: the first is a list of
    (option, value) pairs; the second is the list of program arguments
    left after the option list was stripped (this is a trailing slice
    of the first argument).  Each option-and-value pair returned has
    the option as its first element, prefixed with a hyphen (e.g.,
    '-x'), and the option argument as its second element, or an empty
    string if the option has no argument.  The options occur in the
    list in the same order in which they were found, thus allowing
    multiple occurrences.  Long and short options may be mixed.

    """

    opts = []
    if type(longopts) == type(""):
        longopts = [longopts]
    else:
        longopts = list(longopts)
    longopts.sort()
    while args and args[0][:1] == '-' and args[0] != '-':
        if args[0] == '--':
            args = args[1:]
            break
        if args[0][:2] == '--':
            opts, args = do_longs(opts, args[0][2:], longopts, args[1:])
        else:
            opts, args = do_shorts(opts, args[0][1:], shortopts, args[1:])

    return opts, args

def do_longs(opts, opt, longopts, args):
    try:
        i = string.index(opt, '=')
        opt, optarg = opt[:i], opt[i+1:]
    except ValueError:
        optarg = None

    has_arg, opt = long_has_args(opt, longopts)
    if has_arg:
        if optarg is None:
            if not args:
                raise error, 'option --%s requires argument' % opt
            optarg, args = args[0], args[1:]
    elif optarg:
        raise error, 'option --%s must not have an argument' % opt
    opts.append(('--' + opt, optarg or ''))
    return opts, args

# Return:
#   has_arg?
#   full option name
def long_has_args(opt, longopts):
    optlen = len(opt)
    for i in range(len(longopts)):
        x, y = longopts[i][:optlen], longopts[i][optlen:]
        if opt != x:
            continue
        if y != '' and y != '=' and i+1 < len(longopts):
            if opt == longopts[i+1][:optlen]:
                raise error, 'option --%s not a unique prefix' % opt
        if longopts[i][-1:] in ('=', ):
            return 1, longopts[i][:-1]
        return 0, longopts[i]
    raise error, 'option --' + opt + ' not recognized'

def do_shorts(opts, optstring, shortopts, args):
    while optstring != '':
        opt, optstring = optstring[0], optstring[1:]
        if short_has_arg(opt, shortopts):
            if optstring == '':
                if not args:
                    raise error, 'option -%s requires argument' % opt
                optstring, args = args[0], args[1:]
            optarg, optstring = optstring, ''
        else:
            optarg = ''
        opts.append(('-' + opt, optarg))
    return opts, args

def short_has_arg(opt, shortopts):
    for i in range(len(shortopts)):
        if opt == shortopts[i] != ':':
            return shortopts[i+1:i+2] == ':'
    raise error, 'option -%s not recognized' % opt

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    print getopt(sys.argv[1:], "a:b", ["alpha=", "beta"])